Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false,
change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement
true.
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1. |
Transmembrane proteins go part way through the phospholipid
bilayer. _________________________
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2. |
The
digestive enzyme pepsin works best in the acidic environment
of the stomach. _________________________
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3. |
Normally, large quantities of water molecules move into and out
of a cell by simple diffusion. _________________________
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4. |
Blood
serum is normally hypotonic with respect to blood cell cytoplasm.
_________________________
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5. |
All organisms are heterotrophs. _________________________
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6. |
In
photosynthesis, light energy, carbon dioxide, and water produce glucose
and oxygen. _________________________
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7. |
Glycolysis essentially breaks one molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate. _________________________
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8. |
The
nucleus is sometimes called the powerhouse of the cell. _________________________
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9. |
Aerobic respiration produces two molecules of ATP from one
molecule of glucose. _________________________
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10. |
The
lactate produced during exercise can be cleared up by panting.
_________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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11. |
Which
of the following is not directly involved in the formation or packaging
of proteins?
a. |
ribosomes |
c. |
Golgi
apparatus |
b. |
rough endoplasmic reticulum |
d. |
smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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12. |
The
ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when
a. |
chlorine gains an electron from sodium |
b. |
sodium and chlorine share an electron pair |
c. |
sodium
and chlorine both lose electrons |
d. |
sodium gains an electron from chlorine |
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13. |
Which
of the following is not a carbohydrate?
a. |
galactose |
c. |
hemoglobin |
b. |
cellulose |
d. |
glycogen |
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14. |
Which
of the following carbohydrates helps in the elimination of solid wastes?
a. |
glucose |
c. |
cellulose |
b. |
amylose |
d. |
glycogen |
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15. |
Which
of the following biological macromolecules is not a polymer?
a. |
polypeptide |
c. |
amylose |
b. |
triglyceride |
d. |
DNA |
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16. |
Saturated fats
a. |
have double bonds between carbon atoms of
their fatty acids |
b. |
have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon
than unsaturated fatty acids |
c. |
are usually liquid at room temperature |
d. |
are usually produced by plants |
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17. |
Which
type of lipid is most important in biological membranes?
a. |
triglycerides |
c. |
phospholipids |
b. |
steroids |
d. |
waxes |
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18. |
Yellow dye is added to margarine
a. |
to add nutritional value |
c. |
to change its flavour |
b. |
to
make it more water soluble |
d. |
to
make it look more like butter |
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19. |
Which
of the following are components of nucleotides?
a. |
a nitrogenous base, a glycerol, and a phosphate
group |
b. |
a nitrogenous base, a five-carbon sugar,
and an amino group |
c. |
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and
a five-carbon sugar |
d. |
a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group,
and a fatty acid |
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20. |
RNA
a. |
is a single helix |
c. |
never leaves the nucleus |
b. |
is
a double helix |
d. |
contains
T instead of U |
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21. |
The
cells lining the small intestine use energy to rapidly move large quantities
of glucose into their cytoplasm. Which transport mechanism most probably
accomplishes this task?
a. |
simple
diffusion |
c. |
active
transport |
b. |
phagocytosis |
d. |
facilitated diffusion |
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22. |
Which
two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
a. |
amino
and sulfhydryl |
c. |
carboxyl
and amino |
b. |
carbonyl and carboxyl |
d. |
hydroxyl and aldehyde |
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23. |
Which
of the following would be found in a plant cell, but not in an animal
cell?
a. |
cell
wall |
c. |
ribosomes |
b. |
plasma membrane |
d. |
endoplasmic reticulum |
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24. |
The
kinds of molecules that pass through a cell membrane most easily are
a. |
large
and hydrophobic |
c. |
large
polar molecules |
b. |
small and hydrophobic |
d. |
charged |
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25. |
In
active transport
a. |
transmembrane
proteins transport molecules across the membrane |
b. |
molecules
move into or out of a cell down a concentration gradient |
c. |
a
source of cellular energy (ATP) is not required |
d. |
small nonpolar molecules travel directly
across the phospholipid bilayer |
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26. |
Enzyme-catalyzed reactions
a. |
are not affected by changes in pH |
b. |
slow
down as substrate concentration increases |
c. |
work best at optimal temperatures |
d. |
are
not affected by changes in temperature |
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27. |
If
a patient receives an IV solution that is hypertonic to blood serum
a. |
blood
cells may swell and burst |
c. |
nothing
happens to blood cells |
b. |
blood cells may shrink |
d. |
blood cells become ghosts |
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28. |
Oxidative respiration
a. |
occurs in the cytoplasm |
b. |
produces
carbon dioxide and 34 molecules of ATP |
c. |
produces oxygen |
d. |
occurs
in chloroplasts |
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29. |
Lactate fermentation
a. |
occurs in human muscle cells |
c. |
produces carbon dioxide gas |
b. |
produces
lactate and ethanol |
d. |
occurs
in mitochondria |
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30. |
The
process shown above is called
a. |
cytoplasmic streaming |
c. |
passive transport |
b. |
phagocytosis |
d. |
active
transport |
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Matching
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Match the illustration with its brief description below.
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31. |
Which
molecule is a component of starch in plants?
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32. |
Which
molecule can form a peptide bond with another molecule like itself?
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33. |
Which
figure illustrates the process that macrophages use to rid the body
of invading bacteria?
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34. |
Which
molecule stores genetic information in the nucleus of animal and plant
cells?
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35. |
Which
figure illustrates a process that is used by cells to transport proteins
packaged by the Golgi apparatus out of the cell?
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36. |
Which
molecule is thought to cause clogging of the arteries, heart attack,
and stroke?
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37. |
Which
figure illustrates a process that produces food for virtually all heterotrophs
on Earth?
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Completion
Complete each sentence
or statement.
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38. |
Organisms can be composed of a ____________________ cell, or many
cells.
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39. |
Cells
are created via the ____________________ of other cells.
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40. |
The
two lenses on the ____________________ microscope are the ____________________
lens and the ____________________ lens.
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41. |
____________________ images are produced by a microscope with poor
resolution.
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42. |
Cell
walls help give plants their ____________________.
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43. |
The
____________________ separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm.
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44. |
Membranes are described as ____________________ because their components
are constantly moving.
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45. |
Only
____________________ cells contain lysosomes.
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46. |
Mitochondrial cristae are covered in compounds that help carry
out the reactions of ____________________.
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47. |
Flowers and fruits get their vibrant colours from ____________________
pigments.
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48. |
Two
devices used to count cells are the ____________________ and the ____________________.
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49. |
____________________ cells are unspecialized cells that have the
potential to become any cell type.
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50. |
Skin
cells called ____________________ may be changed to bone and cartilage
cells.
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51. |
A
____________________ is a reactant that attaches to an enzyme.
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52. |
Increasing the temperature of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases
the ____________________ at which the reaction occurs.
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53. |
____________________ is used as a sweetener in many food products
such as jams and jellies.
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54. |
In
simple diffusion, particles continue moving in one direction until _________________________
has been reached.
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55. |
____________________ occurs when extracellular fluid moves into
red blood cells by osmosis, causing the cells to swell and perhaps burst.
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56. |
Active transport requires ____________________ in the form of ____________________.
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57. |
____________________ is the bulk transport of solids into the cell,
and ____________________ is the bulk transport of extracellular fluid
into a cell.
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58. |
____________________ are fingerlike projections that enclose large
particles a cell wants to bring into its cytoplasm.
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59. |
____________________ vesicles empty their contents into the extracellular
fluid by fusing with the cell membrane.
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60. |
____________________ are organisms that rely on other organisms
for energy.
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61. |
Chlorophyll and ____________________ are the light-absorbing molecules
in plants.
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62. |
Glycolysis breaks one molecule of ____________________ into two
molecules of ____________________.
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63. |
Two
forms of anaerobic respiration are ____________________ fermentation
and ____________________ fermentation.
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