UNIT A - Cells and Systems
Chapter 1: Cells
Section 1.1: Characteristics of Living Things
Living
and Non-living Things
A review of the seven characteristics of living things.
Living
vs. Non-living
A quiz to determine what is living and what is not.
Section 1.2: Using a Microscope
The
Microscope
Describes the parts of a microscope.
Using
the Microscope
Detailed instructions on setting up and using a light microscope.
Section 1.3: Plant & Animal Cells
Cells
Alive!
Interactive plant, animal, and bacteria cell site that described
their organelles.
The
Cell Page
Interactive site describing animal and plant cell organelles.
Section 1.4: Comparing Plant & Animal Cells
Comparison
of Plant and Animal Cells
Cell illustrations with hyper-linked labels.
Cell
Structure
Interactive animations of the different types of cells: animal and
plant; prokaryotic and eukaryotic, and the functions of their organelles.
Section 1.5: Advantages of a Microscope
Electron
Microscope
The interactive site details the functions of the electron microscope.
Up
Close and Personal With Salt
Tutorial lesson explores seeing salt using: the naked eye, a
light microscope, and an electron microscope.
Section 1.6: Parts of Cell seen with Electron Microscope
Electron
Microscopy
Grayscale photographs of various cell parts from an electron microscope.
Electron
Microscopic Atlas
A large variety of photographs of cells, organelles, and other tissues.
Images
From the Microscope
A gallery of microscopic images from optical, digital, and scanning
electron microscope sources.
Section 1.7: Cells in their Environment
Biological
Molecules, Organs and Systems
An interactive site explores the parts of a cell that interact with
their environment.
Cell
Biology
Interactive tutorials on cell biology.
Section 1.8: Osmosis
Osmosis
Basic explanation of osmosis and solutions.
Osmosis
Simulation
Simulation of osmotic flow in different environments.
Section 1.9: Diffusion & Osmosis
Diffusion
and Osmosis
Definitions and explanations of diffusion, osmosis, and membrane
transport.
Transport
by Simple Diffusion
Detailed description of simple diffusion.
Section 1.10: How Does the Concentration of a Solution Affect Osmosis
Diffusion
Animation
Animations of diffusion and osmosis with different solutes.
Section 1.11: Career Profile: Modellers
Artificial
Cells and Organs Research Centre
Website from McGill University based on Dr. Chang's work.
The
Royal Society of Canada
Press release from The Royal Society of Canada outlining some of
the work of Dr. Thomas Chang.
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW
Question 8.
What
is Dialysis?
Brief discussion and animation of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Medical
Encyclopedia
Explanation of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
The
Kidney Foundation of Canada (hemodialysis)
Explanation of hemodialysis.
The
Kidney Foundation of Canada (peritoneal dialysis)
Explanation of peritoneal dialysis.
National
Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse (hemodialysis)
Explanation of hemodialysis.
National
Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse (peritoneal dialysis)
Explanation of peritoneal dialysis.
National
Kidney Foundation (hemodialysis)
An overview of hemodialysis.
Kidney
Patient Guide to Dialysis
Explanation of dialysis with good animations
Chapter 2: Cells and Cell Systems
Section 2.1: Cells & Cell Systems
Basic
Anatomy
Site explains some of the tissue and organ systems in the human
body.
Human
Anatomy Online
Interactive overview of various organ systems.
Section 2.2: Unicellular Organisms
Unicellular
Organisms
Guide to unicellular organisms, with a quiz.
Bacterial
Cells
Fun exploration of the parts of a bacterial cell.
Diatoms
Life history and ecology of diatoms.
Section 2.3: Need for Cell Division
Mitosis
A detailed look at the stages of cell division.
Why
Do Cells Divide?
A look at some of the reasons for cell division.
Section 2.4: Cell Specialization
Cell
Specialization
A look at some specialized cells and the tissues they form.
Ask
a Scientist
Question and answer about reasons for cell specialization.
Section 2.5: Cell Wars
Cell
Wars in Space
NASA site that looks at how our immune system defenders work in
space.
Bacteria
Cell
Close up view of a bacteria cell and its components.
Section 2.6: Experimenting with Cells
The
Genetic Engineering Debate
Website with the process to research and present a debate on genetic
engineering, with links to many resources.
Genetically
Modified Rice
A BBC story on the pro side of the benefits of new rice strain.
Biotechnology
Online
General website with information and resources on both sides of
the debate.
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW
Question 19.
Discovering
Germs
Explanation of the germ theory of disease.
A
Brief History of Bloodletting
Explanation of bloodletting.
History
of Microbiology
Discusses some of the early stages of knowledge about microscopic
causes of disease.
Hippocratic
Method and the Four Humors in Medicine
Describes how disease was viewed in earlier times as caused by an
imbalance in the four humors in the human body.
Question 20.
Public
Health Agency of Canada, National Advisory Committee on Immunization
Statement on the influenza vaccination for the 2005-2006 season.
Fighting
the Flu
A news story from CBC
Canadian
Coalitions for Immunization Awareness and Promotion
Information about immunization.
BC
Centre for Disease Control
Information about influenza (the flu).
Vancouver
Coastal Health
Flu vaccination information.
Influenza
Vaccine
Questions and answers on the flu vaccine and influenza from Veterans
Affairs Canada.
Flu
Vaccine for Kids
Information and recommendations for giving the flu vaccine to children.
It's
Your Health
Health Canada website outlining what flu is and the steps to prevent
it.
Chapter 3: Human Body Systems
Section 3.1: The Respiratory System
Respiratory
System
Detailed diagrams and explanation of the parts of the human respiratory
system.
Your
Respiratory System
Fun site with information on different body systems, including the
respiratory system.
Section 3.2: The Circulatory System
The
Heart and the Circulatory System
Detailed site with the history and science of the circulatory system
in animals.
Your
Heart and Circulatory System
Interactive site with a quiz on the parts of the circulatory system.
Section 3.3: The Excretory System
Excretory
System
The garbage collector - your kidney. Facts and links to information
on the kidney and excretory system.
Your
Urinary System
Fun site with information on different body systems, including the
excretory system.
Section 3.4: The Digestive System
Your
Digestive System and How it Works
Detailed site on the digestive system and what controls it.
The
Real Deal on the Digestive System
Long explanation and diagrams on what happens to your food once
you eat it.
Your
Digestive System
Fun site with information on different body systems, including the
digestion system.
Section 3.5: Organ Systems Working Together
Organ
Systems
General information on the different body systems, and how they
work together.
Endocrine
System
Overview with graphics of the human endocrine system.
Nervous
System
Overview with graphics of the human nervous system.
Section 3.6: Protecting the Body
Immune
System
Overview of the human immune system, with graphics.
Human
Skin
Site that explains what your skin does.
Section 3.7: Factors that Affect Reaction Time
Test
Your Reaction Time
Interactive game to test your reaction time. Works with Netscape
or Mozilla.
Hit
the Dot
Another game to test your reaction time.
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW
Question 21.
Obesity
in Canada
Information website on the problem of Obesity in Canada .
Losing
Ground in the Battle of the Bulge
CBC background report on obesity in children and adults.
Canadian
Institute for Health Information
An acrobat document about overweight and obesity in Canada (a population
health perspective)
Canadian
Institute of Health Research
Obesity research in Canada .
Childhood
Obesity (article)
A CTV news article about child obesity.
Public
Health Agency of Canada
Physical activity guides for children and youth.
Question 23.
Lyme
Disease
Center for Disease Control website on Lyme disease.
BC
Ministry of Health
Information on Lyme Disease.
BC
Centre for Disease Control - Lyme disease
Information on Lyme disease.
West
Nile Virus
Public Health Canada information page on the West Nile Virus in
Canada .
BC
Centre for Disease Control
Information on West Nile Virus in BC.
BC
Ministry of Health - West Nile Virus
Information on West Nile Virus.
UNIT A REVIEW: CELLS AND SYSTEMS
Question 30.
Artificial
Skin Transplant
Story of how a boy with severe burns had an artificial skin transplant.
Growing
Skin Tissue
A scientist is growing skin tissue in the lab to study ways to develop
better protection against sun damage.
Skin
Substitutes
Information about artificial skin, synthetic skin, and tissue engineering
Tissue
culture laboratory, Monash University
Explanations with photos of skin cultures.
Medical
Device Link
Explanation of artificial skin and related products.
Question 31.
Circulation
and Heart Health
Affects of diet and what you eat on your circulation and heart health.
Benefits
of Physical Activity
Tips on how physical activity helps children, adults, seniors, and
people with disabilities.
Heart
and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Information on healthy living, and keeping heart healthy and helping
to prevent strokes.
National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Health information and publications.
UNIT B - Fluids
Chapter 4: The Properties of Fluids
Section 4.1: A Close-Up Look at Fluid Flow
Fire
Hydrant Flow Testing
Procedures, equipment, and reasons for flow-testing fire hydrants.
Water
Taps
Why we need taps and how they work, at Wikipedia.
Section 4.2: Fluid Flow around Objects
Fluid
Flow
Dozens of pictures of fluid flow in many different types of fluids.
Mach
and High-Speed Flow
Description of the Mach number and the effect of high-speed flow.
Section 4.3: Viscosity: A Property of Fluids
Blood
in Forensic Science
The importance of blood in forensic science, from the Australian
National Institute of Forensic Science.
Bloodstain
Pattern Analysis
Explains the analysis of bloodstain patterns in detail.
Meniscus
Diagrams of a concave or convex meniscus, at Wikipedia.
Meniscus-Climbing
Insects
Amazing photos and videos of insects using the meniscus to propel
themselves along the top of the water.
Section 4.4: Inquiry Investigation: Viscosity-From Thick to Thin
Oil
Viscosity
The nature of oils and their uses, based on their viscosity.
Viscosity
and Flow Rate
Interactive model of the flow rate of various liquids.
Section 4.5: Measuring Matter: Mass, Weight, and Volume
Mass,
Weight, and Volume
Interactive experiments illustrate the principles of measuring matter.
Your
Weight on Other Worlds
Your weight on other planets and moons and why it's different than
it is on Earth.
Section 4.7: Density: Another Property of Fluids
Density
Density, mass, and volume, at Wikipedia, including the densities
of many substances from gas to a neutron star.
Density
Demonstration
Results of an experiment showing honey, water, vegetable oil, and
rubbing alcohol layered in a cylinder.
Section 4.8: Inquiry Investigation: Some Liquids Just Do Not Mix
Oil
and Water Don't Mix-Or Do They?
What happens when oil and water meet on a microscopic level.
Oil
Spills and Density
How the density of oil and weathering affects the behaviour of oil
spills in the ocean.
Section 4.9: Comparing Densities
Icebergs
of Newfoundland and Labrador
Interesting facts, frequently asked questions, and many photos of
Canadian icebergs.
Titanic
The construction, demise, and rediscovery of the Titanic.
U.S.
National Ice Center
Naval research on Arctic and Antarctic icebergs and glaciers.
Section 4.10: The Ups and Downs of Buoyancy
Buoyancy
in Action
An animated model showing the apparent reduction in weight of an
object suspended in water.
Experiment
with Buoyancy
Experiment similar to Try This: Buoyancy and Gravity
Forces activity.
NASA's
Neutral Buoyancy Lab
NASA's training lab for space shuttle and Canadarm astronauts.
Section 4.11: How and Why Do Things Float?
How
Hot-Air Balloons Work
How Stuff Works site that explains the buoyancy principles in air.
Plimsoll
Lines
The history and necessity of Plimsoll Lines, at the National Maritime
Museum in Greenwich , England .
Section 4.12: How Does Temperature Affect Viscosity and Density?
Amazing
Water Trick
Experiment illustrating that you can actually create two layers
of water that don't mix.
Black
Smokers
Interactive links and activities about natural hot springs .
Black
Smokers and Hot Vents
Environmental information related to the oceans and seafloor features,
at the Vancouver Aquarium's AquaNews.
Canadian
Volcanoes
Information and links about Canadian volcanoes, at the Ministry
of Natural Resources Canada.
Does
Cold Water Flow Faster than Hot Water?
Interactive demonstration of viscosity or fluid friction.
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW
Question 11.
Motor
Oil
Different oil grades and what they mean.
Question 14.
Track
Cycling
How handlebars reduce drag and why recumbent bikes aren't allowed
in competition.
Science
of Cycling: Aerodynamics
A calculator to estimate the Aerodynamic Drag and Propulsive Power
of a Bicyclist and many streaming clips.
Chapter 5: The Use of Fluids
Section 5.1: Career Profile: Food
Scientist
All
About Chocolate: Just for Kids
Everything from growing chocolate to the finished product.
Food
Science
Introduction to food science and what a food scientist does.
What
Is Food Science?
In-depth discussion of what it means to be a food scientist and
the education required.
Careers
in Petroleum Engineering
Typical duties and required education, at Human Resources and Skills
Development Canada.
Fluid
Dynamics Solutions
Background on applications of fluid dynamics.
What
Is Food Science All About?
The University of Guelph 's page on careers in food science.
Section 5.2: Fluids and the Confederation Bridge
Bering
Strait Peace Bridge Project
Wikipedia article with map and links.
The
Confederation Bridge
Official Web site of the Confederation Bridge , with descriptions
of the how the bridge was constructed, tourist information, and live
Web camera footage.
The
Confederation Bridge on CBC
CBC archives coverage of the Confederation Bridge .
Extreme
Engineering: The Bering Strait Bridge Project
Discovery Channel's feature examines the proposal, its structure,
challenges, and benefits.
Petronas
Twin Towers
Complete information about the Malaysian towers from height to the
number of tonnes of steel they contain, with photographs.
Structural
Engineering and the Confederation Bridge
Civil engineering Web site with facts about the Confederation Bridge
.
Tacoma
Narrows Bridge Disaster
Photos and video clips of the 1940 collapse of the Tacoma Narrows
suspension bridge.
Section 5.3: Inquiry Investigation: How Fluids Handle Pressure
Quantum
Simulations Group
Models of materials at the microscopic level, including fluids under
pressure.
Section 5.4: Fluids under Pressure
The
Evolution of Submarine Design
Summary of the change in design from 1578 to the nuclear submarines
of today.
Flow
through an Opening
Interactive demonstration illustrating the relationship of water
pressure and the depth of the water from the surface.
High
Altitude
Wikipedia information on the effects of high altitude on humans.
The
High Pressure Physics Group
The research, careers and biographies of a group of collaborative
scientists.
The
Marvelous Mirs
Information from Ocean Explorer on the Mir I and Mir
II three-person deep-sea submersibles.
Under
Pressure in a Deep-Sea Submarine
Video clips of deep-sea adventures and a clip of what happens to
a Styrofoam cup below 3000 feet, at the Monterey Bay Aquarium.
Section 5.5: Pressure in Confined Fluids
How
Brakes Work
Easy-to-understand descriptions and diagrams of how brakes work
in a hydraulic system.
How
Pumps Work
Types of pumps and how they work, at the BBC's H2G2.
Hydraulic
Systems
Simple descriptions and diagrams of how hydraulic machines work.
Jacques
Cousteau
Wikipedia article on Jacques Cousteau with links to information
on his part in inventing modern SCUBA.
Kinetic
Molecular Theory Simulator
Colourful kinetic molecular theory simulation that lets you set
your own parameters.
Tire
Pressure Gauge
Diagrams of how a tire pressure gauge works, including photos of
component parts and animation.
Section 5.6: Inquiry Investigation: Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
Boyle's
Law
NASA's site has lots of explanations and very colourful diagrams
and models.
Boyle's
Law Simulator
Sensitive interactive simulation of Boyle's law that graphs your
results.
Gay-Lussac's
Law
NASA's site includes an animated model illustrating Gay-Lussac's
law.
History
of Barometers
How pressure and volume are used to determine atmospheric pressure
and predict the weather.
History
of Thermometers
The invention of the thermometer and how surrounding temperature
affects volume in a predictable and quantifiable way.
Section 5.7: Solve a Problem: A Closer Look at Fluid Power
Hopping
Cars
Hydraulic lifts used to make cars "hop."
Section 5.8: Fluid Power at Work for Us
Animatronics
How animatronics work to create creatures like the "Spinosaurus"
in Jurassic Park III.
Flight
Simulators
Various professional and personal flight simulators.
Hydraulic
Entertainment
How hydraulics are used in the entertainment business, from special
effects to set designs.
Tunnel
Boring Machine
Wikipedia's information on the design and operation of a tunnel
boring machine.
Aircraft
Hydraulics
Examples and simple diagrams of applications of hydraulics systems
in aircraft.
Uses
of Fluid Power
Photographs and examples from flight simulators to animatronics.
Industrial
Uses of Hydraulic Systems
Full-colour component diagram of a vibration unit.
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
Question 19.
Food
Preservation
History, processes, and factors in food preservation.
How
Food Preservation Works
Articles on the kinds of processes of preservation.
Chapter 6: Fluids and Living Things
Section 6.1: From Bladders to Ballast: Altering
Buoyancy
Buoyancy
Compensator
Wikipedia article on a buoyancy compensator and the buoyancy compensating
vest used in diving.
How
Submarines Work
A good animation and explanation of submarines submerging and rising
along with how they are powered and some history of submarines.
MOVE-a
Deep-Sea Research Vessel
Information on the MOVE, a remotely operated vehicle for the deepest
regions of the sea.
Pied-billed
Grebe
Buoyancy clips, audio clips, and links to detailed information about
the Pied-billed Grebe.
Section 6.2: Explore an Issue: The Human Impact on Natural Fluid System
The
Green Crab on the East Coast
Detailed background information on the green crab on the East Coast.
What
Are Invasive Species?
Listing of invasive species of plants and invertebrates, at
the Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team.
Section 6.3: Pressurized Fluid Systems: Hydraulics
Hydraulic
Shovel
Video clip of a working hydraulic shovel.
Shovel
Pistons
Video clip showing the shovel pistons of a hydraulic shovel in detail.
The
Human Heart
Animated model of the pumping action of the human heart.
Section 6.4: Pressurized Fluid Systems: Pneumatics
How
Lungs Work
Animated model of how the lungs inhale, exhale, and exchange gases.
Inhaling
and Exhaling
Series of animated diagrams on how the lungs inhale and exhale.
Medical
Ventilator
Wikipedia site explaining how a medical ventilator takes the place
of the pneumatic system in our lungs.
Pneumatics
Wikipedia article complete with diagrams and examples.
CHAPTER 6 REVIEW
Question 15.
Salmon
River Restoration Project
Ways to improve habitat for fish and return the Salmon River and
its floodplain to the most healthy, naturally-functioning system possible.
Huu-ay-aht
Bamfield Eelgrass Stewardship Project
Preserving important marine vegetation.
Ocean
News
Protecting endangered species on the menu in B.C. restaurants.
All
about Water - Eco Kids
Interactive clickable facts and diagrams about water.
Healing
and Protecting Our Sacred Mother Earth
An editorial on the First Nations Drum Web site, accusing modern
natives of forgetting their duty to the Earth in search of profit.
Question 16.
Hydraulic
Machinery
Pictures, schematics, diagrams, and a glossary on hydraulics.
UNIT B REVIEW: FLUIDS
Question 25.
The whale is a mammal that has adapted to aquatic life. Some
whales dive to depths greater than 2000 m, deeper than most submarines
can dive. Research how the respiratory system of a whale allows it to
perform deep dives despite the enormous pressure of the water.
Blubber,
Slumber, and Pressure
Pictures, sounds, and clips about how whales function in the ocean.
Whales
All about whales.
UNIT C - Water Systems on Earth
Chapter 7: The Water Cycle
Environment
Canada: Fresh Water- Properties of water
Learn about fresh water: the water cycle, rivers and lakes,
glaciers, and more.
Section 7.1
Water:
Each Drop Counts!
How many days do you think you could survive without a drink
of water? When you finally get that drink, could it be the same water
the dinosaurs drank? Try the task as an extra challenge.
Section 7.3
Hydrologic
Cycle
Visit Environment Canada's website on the water cycle.
Section 7.4
Groundwater
Did you know that water sometimes just flows out of the ground?
This happens at a spring or an artesian well. Groundwater gives us water
to drink, grows our plants, and fill our rivers and lakes. This website
also shows photographs of artesian wells.
Section 7.5
Weathering
This website explains mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering,
and includes photographs of weathered rocks.
Section 7.6
Acid
Rain - Environment Canada
Turn to Environment Canada's website on acid rain to find out what
"acid" actually is. The site includes acid rain case studies.
Section 7.7
How
Sewer Systems and Septic Systems Work.
What happens after you flush the toilet? A look at the inner
workings of sewer systems so that you can understand how they handle
the billions of litres of wastewater that Canada produces every day!
Sources
of Wastewater
Have you ever wondered about how sewage is collected and treated?
Check this website to find out.
CHAPTER 7 REVIEW
Question 9.
Types of water wells:
Comparison
of Well Types
Discusses the following types of well: drilled, large-diameter dug,
large-diameter bored, and well points.
Understanding
the Basics of Water Wells
Describes the energy flow that makes a well work.
How
a Pump Works
Describes centrifugal and axial flow pumps, with mention of peristaltic
and piston types.
Dugouts as water sources:
Surface
Water Quality Initiative
Water and watershed management principles for the Prairies, with
extensive description of dugouts.
Question 11.
Protecting British Columbia 's wetland:
A
Protection and Preservation Bylaw
Excerpts from the District of North Vancouver Environmental Protection
and Preservation Bylaw, dealing with development in and uses of aquatic
areas and sloping terrain, and information on permits and enforcement.
Ecological impact of tideland reclamation:
Understanding
the Ecological Impact of Tideland Reclamation, part 2
From "Understanding the ecological impact of tideland reclamation:
astep towards Integrated Coastal Resources Management", a paper
prepared for the International Symposium on Environment-Friendly Restoration
of Coastal Reclaimed Tidelands.
Environmental
Protection of Wetlands: position statement #4. Government of Western
Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, 2004.
Environmental values and functions of wetlands, and principles of
environmental protection.
Petition
No. 114 - Environmental Impact Assessment for a Proposed Road in Qualicum
Beach, British Columbia
Summary: The petitioner expresses concerns about the environmental
impact assessment undertaken for the Laburnum/Rupert Ring Road project
in Qualicum Beach , British Columbia . The petitioner's main concern
is that an identified Sensitive Ecosystem Inventory (SEI) site will
be destroyed by the proposed road. The petitioner believes the initial
environmental impact assessment neglected to take the SEI into account.
Question 17.
Types
of Water Pollution
Table of pollutants
Water
Pollution
Describes kinds of water pollution.
Water
Cycle
Describes the water cycle.
The
Pollution Problem
General description of how pollution happens and where it comes
from.
Chapter 8: Water Features
Section 8.1
The
Underwater World
This website gives you information and diagrams on trenches, canyons,
abyssal plains, and seamounts.
Watershed
Management
Did you know that some of the water that flows through Vancouver
also flowed through Prince George ? This website shows the history of
the Greater Vancouver Watershed and plans for the future.
Section 8.2
What
Is a Glacier?
Most people are familiar with rivers. Rivers collect water and
allow it to flow downhill. A glacier is a "river" of ice. It flows much
more slowly, but it does flow.
Section 8.4
Ocean
Planet: Ocean Currents
Ocean waters are constantly on the move. How they move influences
climate and living conditions for plants and animals, even on land.
Section 8.5
Visual
of Land and Sea Breeze
Check out this animation showing how land and sea breezes develop.
Tracking
El Niño
Learn about the effects of El Niño around the world,
and what scientists are finding out about this mysterious weather phenomenon.
Section 8.6
Tsunami!
- The WWW Tsunami Information Resource
Tsunamis are large water waves, typically generated by seismic activity,
that have historically caused significant damage to coastal communities
throughout the world.
Pacific
Tsunami Museum
Tsunamis have hit the Pacific coast in the past. This website gives
pictures and information to promote public education about tsunamis
in the Pacific coastal areas.
Section 8.7
What
causes high tide and low tide? Why are there two tides each day?
Tides are caused by the moon and Sun, as you can see in this animation.
The website also shows how you measure sea level, so that you know how
high the tide is.
Nautical
Software Inc. - Daily Predictions
Get tide tables for your area! This website gives tide and current predictions
for thousands of locations in North and Central America .
Skookumchuck
Tidal Rapids
Are you a paddler? Find out background information on the Skookumchuck
Tidal Wave (known to paddlers as the Skook), one of the great whitewater
features in British Columbia .
CHAPTER 8 REVIEW
Question 13.
Ocean Gyres
Gyres
and Eddies - Kissing Cousins of Currents.
Trade-winds, geostrophic flow, Global Conveyor Belt.
"Current
Events" - Forces and Pressure on Currents
Coriolis effect, horizontal pressure gradients, Ekman layer, Ekman
spiral.
Currents
Ocean currents, both surface and deep, where and why they flow,
with a description of Ekman's theory and the Coriolis effect.
Question 17.
Fossils
and Fossilization
Difference in fossils depending on fluctuations in sea level.
Global warming affects glaciers:
World
View of Global Warming
Description and pictures of receding glaciers, showing the change
from past to present.
Evidence
of Global Warming
Charts and statistics.
Consequences
of Global Warming
Predicted consequences and warning signs today.
Early
Warning Signs: Glaciers Melting.
From the Union of Concerned Scientists.
In
Pictures: How the World is Changing .
Pictures from the BBC of physical signs of environmental change showing
past and present extent of glaciers from around the world.
Shrinking
Glaciers Evidence of Global Warming
Differences seen by looking at photos from 100 years ago. From the
San Francisco Chronicle, December 17, 2004
Glaciation
All
About Glaciers
From the National Snow and Ice Data Center . University of Colorado
Glaciers
and Glaciation
Professor Stephen A. Nelson.Tulane University . Physical geology
course.
Evidence
for Glaciation
Illinois State Geological Survey
Glaciation
Contradictory ideas about the Permian extinction.
Mendenhall
Glacier Visitor Center. Frequently Asked Questions
From Tongass National Forest , Alaska
Glaciation
of the Sierra Nevada
History and description.
Chapter 9: Water and Our World
Section 9.1
Exploring
the Deep Ocean Floor
The ocean floor is home to many unique communities of plants and
animals. Explore the many aspects of the ocean, such as hot springs
and strange creatures, at this site.
Section 9.2
Oil
Rigs and Other Off-shore Structures
You have probably seen TV programs showing how oil rigs are constructed.
This website shows a wide variety of rig types and gives the advantages
and disadvantages of each.
Section 9.3
Protecting
the Marine Environment
The Environmental Response Branch was created to protect the marine
environment from oil spills and other hazards.
Section 9.4
BC
Tides
At low tide, you can find many marine organisms in the intertidal
area. Here's how to find them.
Oceanlink
Find out about oceans, their wildlife, and careers in oceanography
and marine biology.
Pacific
Marine Ecozone
Explore the Pacific Marine ecozone through pictures and information.
Canadian
Biodiversity Information Network
This website gives you links to resources to help you learn about
the natural world and investigate diversity.
Section 9.6
How
do Sea Monkeys [brine shrimp] work?
Here is some information about the tiny organisms that live in really,
really salty lakes.
Section 9.7
Farm
salmon debate spills into Canadian Restaurants
A CBC News report, TR
CHAPTER 9 REVIEW
Question 6.
Research the effects that oil spills have on marine organisms.
Effects of Oil spills
Effects
of Marine Oil Spills
Impact on coastal activities, habitat, fisheries and mariculture,
and biological effects,
Oil
Spills
How oil spills happen; impact on wildlife, with information on the
Exxon Valdez spill; a list of other major oil spills around the world;
and some information on clean up. Includes bibliography.
How
Oil Pollution Affects Birds and Other Wildlife
Specific description of physical problems of wildlife affected by
oil pollution.
Oil
Spills: Effects on the Environment
Causes and effects of oil spills.
B.C.
Oil Spills More Rule than Exception
Many more oil spills happen than are ever noticed from land.
Oil
Spill Response News
Some information on oil spills in the US and on the Canadian Oiled
Wildlife Rescue Academy from Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research, Inc.
Clean
Water
The work of the Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) of Environment
Canada in response to pollution emergencies.
Question 8.
West
Coast Vancouver Island. Aquatic Management Board.
Home page
Clayoquot
Region overview.
New projects
Profile:
Huu-ay-at First Nations Fisheries Program
Information about Huu-ay-at Fisheries watershed restoration program.
Barkley:
Water
Infrastructure projects.
Tofino Water Supply Projects Updated
Projects to alleviate Tofino's water shortage.
Hupacasath
Powers Up
Hupacasath First Nation micro-hydro project.
Question 20.
Pesticides and water systems
Water--How
Good Is It?
Questions and answers from Environment Canada.
Is
Your Drinking Water Safe?
A guide to water testing. Lists and describes possible contaminants.
Pest Management and Water Quality
Agricultural practices.
Pesticides
in the Environment
Section 4 of Pesticides: Making the right choice for the protection
of health and the environment. Report of the Standing Committee on Environment
and Sustainable Development. May 2000.
Should
I Get my Well Water Tested?
BC HealthFile #45, June 1995. Questions and answers.
Water
and You: In Not-so-Supernatural British Columbia
Waterborne diseases and water safety in British Columbia .
UNIT C REVIEW: WATER SYSTEMS ON EARTH
Question 28.
Mariana
Trench: oceanography
Description of the trench.
The
Deep Sea
General information about the ocean floor.
Question 30.
Canada's
forests
Forests and the water system.
UNIT D - Optics
Chapter 10: Sources and Properties of
Light
Section 10.1: Light Energy and Its Sources
Bioluminescence
Questions and Answers
Ten common questions and answers on bioluminescence.
Canada's
national facility for synchrotron light research
Synchrotron produces extremely bright light -- millions of times
brighter than the sun. Synchrotron facts, including what is a synchrotron,
and how it works.
Let
there be light!
A general information site on light and lighting technology.
Section 10.2: Watching Light Travel
Shadow
Zones
What happens during different types of lunar eclipses.
More
About Shadows: Umbra And Penumbra
Using the photon theory, this site investigates how the umbra and
penumbra are formed.
Section 10.3: Getting in Light's Way
Basic
Electromagnetic Wave Properties
The interactive tutorial explores the relationship between frequency,
wavelength, and energy, and enables the visitor to adjust the intensity
of the radiation and to set the wave into motion.
Waves
and Colour
This tutorial shows properties of electromagnetic waves and their
associated colours.
Section 10.4: The Visible Spectrum
Light
and Colour
This site provides detailed explanations of light composition, waves,
and colour.
The
Visible Spectrum
The site explains where the visible spectrum fits within the range
of electromagnetic radiation.
Section 10.5: The Electromagnetic Spectrum
General
Physics, Light/Colour, how X-Rays, CAT scans, Microwave ovens, TVs and
LCD displays work.
The site explains how Einstein's work led to these devices,
and how they work using different waves. Click on the Einstein picture.
Electromagnetic
Spectrum
Questions and answers on all types of electromagnetic radiation.
Section 10.6: Solar Panels
How
Solar Cells Work
A lesson on solar cells explaining how the sun's energy is converted
into electricity.
Spray-On
Solar-Power Cells
Scientists have invented a plastic solar cell that can turn the
sun's power into electrical energy, even on a cloudy day.
CHAPTER 10 REVIEW
Question 17.
Windows
Today
The site explains one company's development of their low-E window
glass.
Low
E - How does it work?
The site explains the terminology and facts about low-E glass.
Chapter 11: Mirrors and Lenses
Properties
of Light
A general site with information on all aspects of light and reflection.
Section 11.1: Reflecting Light off a Plain Mirror
Reflecting
Light
Experiments you can do with reflecting light.
Mystery
of Reflection
This site provides explanations and diagrams of different types
of reflection.
Critical
Angles
When we talk about critical angles, we are talking about something
called Total Internal Reflection (TIR). The site explains what TIR is.
Section 11.2: Reflecting Light off Surfaces
Specular
vs. Diffuse Reflection
The behaviour of light is often studied by observing its reflection
off of plane (flat) mirrors.
The
Law of Reflection
This site has a detailed explanation and an animation showing the
Law of Reflection.
Section 11.3: Describing Images
Pin
Hole Camera
Try making a device called a pinhole camera as described in this
activity.
Image
Characteristics
This site provides an explanation of the "virtual image" formation
in reflections.
Pinhole
Cameras
This site demonstrates how to construct a pinhole camera.
Section 11.4: Viewing Images in a Plane Mirror
Image
Formation in Plane Mirrors
The site explains using ray diagrams to examine image formation
in mirrors.
What
Portion of a Mirror is Required?
Ray diagrams can be used to determine what portion of a plane mirror
must be used in order to view an image.
Section 11.5: Curved Mirrors
The
Anatomy of a Curved Mirror
The site provides lessons on curved mirrors and their reflections.
Simulated
Optics Experiments: Curved Mirror
This Java applet simulates optical experiments on your computer.
You can study how a lens will focus a light source or make an image,
and how a curved mirror works.
Zooming
In On a Light Ray Bouncing Off a Curved Mirror
Scroll down to the animation: Zooming In On a Light
Ray Bouncing Off a Curved Mirror. Notice that under high magnification
this small section of the curved mirror looks like a straight line.
This tells us how we can determine how a light ray is reflected from
a curved mirror.
Convex
Mirrors
The site describes how convex mirrors reflect light and produce
images.
Reflection
of Light and Image Formation
Concave mirrors are capable of producing real images (as well as
virtual images).
Section 11.6: Using Curved Mirrors
Concave
Mirror
This is a simulation of a ray tracing activity to study the nature
of the image formed in a concave mirror as the distance of the object
from the mirror and the size of the object change.
Hubble
is a Reflecting Telescope
This Hubble website provides information on the Hubble Telescope.
Hubble works on the same principle as the first reflecting telescope
built in the 1600s by Isaac Newton. Light enters the telescope and strikes
a concave primary mirror, which acts like a lens to focus the light.
The bigger the mirror, the better the image.
Telescopes
Information on the two basic types of telescopes: refractors and
reflectors.
Section 11.7: The Refraction of Light
Bending
Light
An experiment, where you will first observe the angle of refraction
as light passes through water. Next, you will see if a different medium,
oil, results in a change in the angle of refraction.
Refraction
of Light
Scroll down to the refraction simulator, Figure 3 to look at refraction
in action.
Refraction
of Light Applet
An applet that shows refraction using a variety of mediums including
oil, water, etc.
The
World Above the Water as Seen By a Fish
This java applet lets you see the view as seen by your fish, looking
up at you.
Section 11.8: Refracting Light in Lenses
Refraction
By Lenses
As a ray of light enters a lens, it is refracted; and as the same
ray of light exits the lens, it is refracted again. The site is a tutorial
on lens refraction.
Thick
Lens
This Java applet lets you experiment with the refraction caused
by a thick lens.
The
Refraction of Light
Read the site on the refraction of light. Click on the Activities
link for a list of activities on refraction.
Section 11.9: Investigating Lenses
Lenses
A list of applets that have you examine different types of lenses
and the ray changes for each.
Diverging
Lens
This applet shows the rays actions when you move an object in front
of a diverging lens.
CHAPTER 11 REVIEW
Question 17.
Lens
Combinations
An interactive applet showing the effect of different lens combinations.
The
Fresnel Lens
This site describes another type of lens, the Fresnel lens, and
how the Fresnel lens works. To bend and focus the rays to form a single,
concentrated beam of high intensity light, the catadioptric prisms refract
and reflect. With just a 1000 watt bulb, a Fresnel lens can generate
a 680,000 candlepower beam visible up to 21 miles out to sea if set
high enough.
Chapter 12: Light and Vision
Section 12.1: The Human Eye and a Camera
Virtual
Eye Dissection
This site has a dissection of a cow's eye. Not for the squeamish.
Lenses
and Vision
An examination of the similarities and differences between a camera
and the eye.
Section 12.2: Vision and Vision Problems
Human
Vision
A detailed site explaining human vision and the parts of the eye.
Glaucoma
Research Foundation
Glaucoma leads to blindness by damaging the optic nerve. Elevated
pressure in the eye is a risk factor, but even people with normal pressure
can lose vision to glaucoma.
Vision
Correction: Taking a Look at What is New
The U.S. Government site on common vision problems and the solutions
available for vision correction.
Section 12.3: Mixing the Colours of Light
Mixing
the Colours of Light
Small web page that lets you turn on and off the three primary colours
to see what colours you get.
How
We See Colour
A very detailed site on how we see colour. It gives an explanation
of how the biology evolved, the parts of the brain that see colour,
and different theories of colour perception.
Section 12.4: Colour Vision
Colour
Test
A short web-based test to show how you can tire out your cones by
looking at one strong colour for a long time.
Range
Of Colours You Can See
The human visual system can detect the range of light spectrum from
about 400 nanometers (violet) to about 700 nanometers (red). Our visual
system perceives this range of light wave frequencies as a smoothly
varying rainbow of colors.
Section 12.5: Research Scientist
Shift
work and melatonin: Characterizing a new cancer-related occupational
exposure
Dr. Marilyn Borugian's work, the linking of light late at night
with increased risk of cancer, is explained.
Scientist
of the Week
The site profiles Valerie L. Thomas, a scientist at NASA, and her
invention of the illusion transmitter.
Section 12.6: A Telescope for Every Wave
The
World's Largest Optical Telescopes
This site lists all large optical telescopes around the world, and
gives information on each of them.
Research
Telescopes
An A to Z listing of all research telescopes in the world.
Gemini
Telescopes
The Gemini Observatory consists of twin 8-meter optical/infrared
telescopes located on two of the best sites on our planet for observing
the universe. Together these telescopes can access the entire
sky.
Everything
in Physics
Learn basic physics concepts of optics through these tutorials
History
of Telescopes
The history of telescopes from Galileo to NASA observatories.
CHAPTER 12 REVIEW
Question 17.
Colour
on Screen
An interactive applet and explanation of how colour is reproduced
on a television.
Principles
of Television Colour
The concepts described here will provide the key to the additive
color television process.
Question 18.
Canada-France-Hawaii
Telescope
The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope is a non-profit organization
that operates a world-class 3.6-meter telescope atop Mauna Kea, a dormant
Hawaiian volcano rising 4,200 meters above the Pacific Ocean .
Gemini
Observatory
The Gemini Observatory consists of twin 8-meter optical/infrared
telescopes located on two of the best sites on our planet for observing
the universe.
UNIT D REVIEW: OPTICS
Question 24.
Solar
Power Companies in Canada
A directory listing Canadian companies selling solar power solutions
in Canada .
ARISE
Technologies
ARISE is a Canadian-based public solar technology company, whose
goal is to help solar energy become a cost-effective, mainstream energy
solution.
