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Web LinksUNIT 30AUNIT 30BUNIT 30C
UNIT 30D
Page 9 Web Activity: Global Variation in Blood Type Blood type is an inherited characteristic. Each individual has type A, B, AB, or O blood, which is also either Rh negative (Rh-) or Rh positive (Rh+). The alleles responsible for these blood types are designated as I A , I B , I O , Rh+ , and Rh- . Your ABO blood type was determined by the direct inheritance of one allele from each of your parents; it cannot be altered by any environmental factor. As a result, blood types are ideally suited for the study of human genetic variation and provide dramatic evidence of human genetic diversity at the population level. In this activity, you will examine the geographic distribution of different blood types in humans. You will analyze these patterns and relate them to human genetic diversity, and use your understanding of genetics and populations to account for the distribution patterns. Follow this link to the activity. Page 9 Explore an Issue: Are Human "Races" Only Skin Deep? (d) A scientist proposes that governments define an individual's "race" according to his or her "blood type." The scientist argues that blood type is a much better indicator of human "relatedness" than skin colour. (i) Is the scientist's argument valid? Is blood type more biologically significant than skin colour? (ii) Is the concept of human "race" scientifically valid at all? Is it reasonable to group people according to a small genetic difference simply because it is visible? This link is to an article from National Geographic which discusses the genetics of traits presumed to be racial, and the social perspectives of race. An easy-to-read description of recent finding on the genetics of skin colour in humans, from ScienCentralNews. This Web page discusses correlations between skin colour, amount of solar radiation, and geographic distribution of human populations. Page 12 Web Activity: Hardy-Weinberg Simulation In this activity, you will visit links on the Nelson Web site to observe various simulation models of populations. These simulations allow you to manipulate the conditions necessary for maintaining Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Your tasks are to . experimentally test the effect of altering each condition . critique at least two different simulation models and assess their strengths and weaknesses This is the most advanced of the simulations with lots of detail. Site provides graphic representations of future generations produced under different conditions. Site demonstrates quantitatively the influence of natural selection. Population Genetics Simulation Site provides another simulation of the Hardy-Weinberg principle. Migration and Natural Selection Site has animations showing the results of natural selection as well as migration (gene flow). Page 13 Mini Investigation: Quantifying Human Genetic Variation . Conduct research to find the accepted allele frequency values. (a) How would your data have differed if you had surveyed your family members instead of students? (b) Suggest methods you could use to determine if the alleles you studied were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (c) Account for any differences between your findings and the accepted allele frequency values for the human population. Links to come Page 18 Explore an Issue: Genetic Diversity at Risk . Conduct some preliminary research to determine the general nature of the Threat and the Action. National Biological Information Infrastructure This Web page has links to information regarding genetic diversity. Page 22 Web Activity: Sex and the Single Guppy Being a colourful male can be risky! Not only will you capture the attention of a possible mate, you may also capture the attention of dangerous predators. In this activity, you will use a simulation to explore the risks and benefits of being a brightly coloured male guppy. The simulation is based upon the now famous research conducted during the 1970s by the evolutionary biologist John Endler on wild guppy populations in fresh water streams of Trinidad . You will also witness how differences in the environment can influence the success of sexually dimorphic male guppies. Site shows the frequencies of different types of guppies under different circumstances.
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