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Nelson EducationSchoolChemistry 12 College Prep | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Web LinksUNIT 3: ORAGANIC CHEMISTRY
p. 191 13. Research the common name and one use for each of the following hydrocarbons: ethene, propene, ethyne. Present your findings in a table. This page describes ethane, propene, and ethyne, including their common names, their source, and their uses.
14. Research a use for each of the first 10 alkanes. Suggest why each alkane is appropriate for this use.
This page provides a summary table with the molecular formula, properties, and uses for each of the first ten alkanes.
16. Research and explain how the various parts of a butane lighter work (Figure 3). Describe necessary safety precautions for the use and storage of a butane lighter.
This site is a quick guide to the different types of ignition systems most commonly used by lighter manufacturers and how they work. Learn about piezo-electric and jet turbo butane gas lighters.
17. Not all hydrocarbons form straight or branched chains. Research hydrocarbons with other shapes, and draw structural formulas for two examples of these molecules. Molecular Structures of Organic Compounds--Hydrocarbons This page provides the two-dimensional diagram and three-dimensional structures of various hydrocarbons, including cycloalkanes, cyclophanes, fullerenes, helicenes, polyhedranes, as well as bicyclic, spiro, and polycyclic compounds.
Section 3.3 Questions p. 196 8. Research the production of crude oil in Canada. Write a short report to explain where crude oil is found and what its main uses are. Motor
Oil Functions & Classifications
p. 201 7. Water is formed
when an oxygen atom bonds with hydrogen atoms. Ammonia is formed when
a nitrogen atom bonds with hydrogen atoms. Methane is formed when a
carbon atom bonds with hydrogen atoms. (b) Predict, with reference to electronegativities and intermolecular forces, the solubility of each compound in the other two compounds (c) Identify which of the three compounds are found in or produced by living organisms, and classify each compound as organic or inorganic. Justify your classifications. ( Hint : Methane comes from cows.)
This page provides background information on the origin of hydrogen bonding and Van der Waals forces. It also describes how the type of intermolecular attractions present between molecules affect the physical properties of substances having molecular structures.
Section 3.6 Understanding the Issue p. 203 5. Consumers can directly and indirectly influence the decisions of manufacturers regarding the types of products they make. Discuss this statement with a partner or in a small group. Together, compile a list of ways in which consumers can exert an influence. This site is an online community where consumers from around the world participate in the development of new products and services. Members have the opportunity to hear about and use new products and services, and in turn influence how products are developed and improved.
p. 207 Pharmacy technicians work under the supervision of licensed pharmacists in hospitals, home health-care agencies, nursing homes, and retail drugstores. Their duties include measuring and mixing medications, filling and labelling medicine bottles, issuing medicines to customers, and keeping patient records. (i) Search employment advertisements in several sources for pharmacy technician positions. Research the personal and educational requirements and salaries for these positions. (ii) Write a cover letter to apply for one of these positions.
This page allows you to search for up-to-date job openings for pharmacy technicians in a variety of companies. For each position, a description of job responsibilities, required skills, and application requirements are provided.
Section 3.7 Questions p. 208 9. Ethylene glycol is an alcohol that is commonly available in hardware stores. Research ethylene glycol and report on (a) its IUPAC name (b) its common usage (c) its physical properties and how they are related to its molecular structure This page describes the physical characteristics and the pharmacological properties of ethylene glycol.
This page provides information on the history of ethylene glycol, its production, uses, and safe handling.
p. 209 Properties of Alcohols 7.(d) Using a print or electronic reference source, find the melting point and boiling point of each alcohol you tested [ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol]. Record the information in your observation table. Properties of Organic Solvents This site provides a table with the chemical formula, boiling point, melting point, solubility in water, and LD 50 of common solvents, including ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol. This "Journey into Science" web page uses examples of molecules, a chart and several questions to provide an introduction to various alcohols.
p. 210 Properties of Alcohols (g) Use reference sources to look up the boiling points of several alcohols with straight carbon chains and several alcohols with branched carbon chains. Compare these boiling points, and explain any trends. Properties of Alcohols (note: this is a .pdf file)
p. 214 5. Many organic compounds have been in everyday use for many years, so they are often known by common (nonsystematic) names. Make a list of common names of organic compounds that are found in solvents, cleaners, and other household items. Research the IUPAC names of five of these compounds, and identify the functional groups that are present in each compound. Discuss the useful properties that these functional groups may give to each compound.
Treatment for Condensation on Historic Glass & Storm Sash This page belongs to a group of Web sites dedicated to "old-house enthusiasts." Although its primary purpose is to describe methods for cleaning glass, it also mentions in some detail the use of common names to describe commonly used organic cleaning solvents. Chemicals in Home and Work Environments This catalogue describes chemicals that are found in home and workplace environments. Chemical and common names are provided, along with a description of uses and occurrences of these substances in solvents, plastics, and gases.
6. The smell of formaldehyde was once common in high-school hallways, because formaldehyde was used to preserve biological specimens. This use has largely been discontinued. (a) What is the IUPAC name and
structure of formaldehyde? This encyclopedia.com entry describes the chemical formaldehyde and its uses. "An Update on Formaldehyde-1997 Revision" This article by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Board describes formaldehyde, where it is found, what affects its levels, why we should be concerned, and how to minimize exposure to this chemical.
7. Pheromones are powerful attractants in the insect world. Do they have a similar effect on humans? Research this topic, and write a report on how pheromones affect humans. This article describes the debate over whether pheromones affect human behaviour. It provides a brief overview of past, current, and future research done in this field. This page attempts to answer whether pheromones work on humans. It discusses examples where pheromones and pheromone-like substances in humans may have effects on a variety of human behaviours and hormonal processes.
Section 3.10 Career Connection p. 217 Firefighters must have a good background in organic chemistry, because they must be able to identify potential fire hazards. As well, they have to operate various chemical appliances to extinguish fires or to disperse or neutralize dangerous substances, such as organic solvents and petroleum. Firefighters must also be physically fit and able to work under pressure, often at great heights or in confined spaces. (i) Research the training that is needed to become a firefighter. Locate the training facility that is closest to your home. (ii) Research the typical starting salary for firefighters. Compare this figure with the national average for all careers.
Current List of Endorsed Programs, Courses, and Workshops This page provides a description of programs, courses, and workshops offered by the Ontario Association of Fire Chiefs and the Office of the Fire Marshal.
Becoming a Firefighter in Ontario This page describes the qualifications that the hiring municipality or fire service may require applicants to have. It also describes the Pre-Service Firefighter Education and Training Program.
This page describes the job of firefighters, the necessary educational background, training and experience, work prospects, and how much you can expect to make as a firefighter compared to other occupations.
p. 220 6. Some cosmetic facial creams contain ingredients that manufacturers call "alpha hydroxy acids," which are designed to remove wrinkles. Alpha hydroxy acids are carboxylic acids that also contain a hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl group. The alpha hydroxy acids in cosmetics may include glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and citric acid. Research and draw structural diagrams for these compounds. This commercial Web site managed by DuPont provides the technical specifications for glycolic acid, along with a full set of information including common uses, safety, storage, and packaging. This site describes lactic acid, its biochemical role in the body, its chemical structure, and its uses. This site describes malic acid, its physical properties, its chemical structure, and how it can be converted into lactic acid by a process called malolactic fermentation. This entry on citric acid describes its molecular structure and properties. It also mentions places where citric acid is found, and processes in which citric acid plays an important role.
p. 225 7. Tannic acid was originally obtained from the wood and
bark of certain trees. For centuries, it has been used to "tan" leather
(Figure 2). This page describes tannic acid, its molecular formula and weight, its properties, and its applications in medicine and food preparation. This site explains the origins of leather and the tanning process. The cleaning, depilation, sweating, liming processes, as well as the two methods of tanning are described.
History and processing of leather This page describes the history of leather manufacturing and the processes involved in the treatment of hide, including fleshing, curing, pickling, and tanning.
p. 232 Health Benefit or Health Hazard? (c) Analyze the risks and benefits of the use of your chosen food substitute or additive. Writing for a general interest magazine, prepare a report on the results of your analysis. In your report, make a recommendation on its use, with supporting arguments. This page describes the vital role food additives have in today's food supply. In addition to listing common additives, it describes the benefits, disadvantages, and health problems. A link to the Database of Food Additive Regulations and Information is also provided.
This page provides a comprehensive list of common categories and examples of food additives. Health Canada Rejects Olestra as a Food Additive This article describes the negative effects of olestra, a food substitute for fat.
Aspartame
Information Center Artificial
Sweeteners The
History, Synthesis, Metabolism and Uses of Artificial Sweeteners
p. 236 Classifying Plastics (d) Research the recycling operations in your school or local community. Find out what types of materials are collected, the amounts of each type, the participation rate in the program, problems that may be encountered in running a recycling program, and the destination of the materials collected. You may wish to use newspaper articles or Internet resources, visit a local recycling plant (Figure 3), or gather data about the recycling program at your school. Prepare and present a report on your findings.
This site offers information about several programs that encourage waste reduction and recycling in the residential and commercial/industrial sectors. It also provides a summary of information on grasscycling, composting, household hazardous waste, and oil recycling programs.
This page provides information on the recycling of several types of products, including various types of plastics, textiles, and leather.
Classifying Plastics (g) Recycling only works if the substance, such as plastic, is made into a product and used again. Research at least three products that are made with recycled plastics. Create a table that includes the source of the "raw" material, the treatment it receives, and the cost per kilogram to make the new end product.
This site encourages consumers to buy products made from recycled goods under the premise that if you are not buying recycled, you are not really recycling. It also provides several links to Web sites about recyclable and recycled products. This page provides information on how consumers find recycled products. It also includes a short article about how to find recycled products, and a consumer edition of our recycled products guide.
Classifying Plastics (h) Select a career that you may be interested in pursuing in the plastic recycling industry. Find out the qualifications and training that are needed. Prepare a résumé (fictional) to apply for a position in your selected career. Include a cover letter with your résumé. This site outlines the job description, required education, specific duties, and possible career opportunities for employment as a plastic products worker. It also provides a link that lists recommended high school courses students should take to prepare them for these careers. Rubber Processing Machine Operators This site outlines the job description, required education, specific duties, and possible career opportunities for employment as a rubber processing machine operator. It also provides a link that lists recommended high school courses students should take to prepare them for this career. Forest Products Processing Supervisors This site outlines the job description, required education, specific duties, and possible career opportunities for employment as a forest products processing supervisor. It also provides a link that lists recommended high school courses students should take to prepare them for this career. Labourers in Chemical Products Processing and Utility This site outlines the job description, required education, specific duties, and possible career opportunities for employment as a labourer in Chemical Products Processing and Utility. It also provides a link that lists recommended high school courses students should take to prepare them for this career.
p. 242 9. (a) Research the molecular structures of the reactants that are used to make nylon in the activity on page 240 [adipyl chloride in cyclohexane; 1,6 diaminohexane in sodium hydroxide; copper]. Use these molecular structures to write the reaction equation for the formation of nylon. Circle the reacting functional groups. (b) The name "nylon" is often followed
by two numbers, as
This page describes the discovery of nylon by Wallace Carothers at the DuPont research center. It also explains what the numbers in "nylon 6,6" represent.
This page describes the step-growth polymerization and condensation reactions that are involved in the process of nylon production. It also provides the chemical structures of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine in 2D and 3D.
10. (a) Contact your community recycling facility to find out what types of plastic products are accepted for recycling in your area. If there are some plastics that are not accepted, find out the reasons. (b) Research the molecular structures and functional groups of at least five of these plastics. (c) Summarize your findings, including structural formulas, in a well-organized table. This Department of Environmental Protection site provides a list of materials that can be recycled, including certain types of glass, newsprint, paper, metals, cans, and plastics.
There are six main types of plastics. This page describes the types of plastics that can be recycled, based on the identification codes indicated on the plastic products. This page provides a description of natural and synthetic polymers, and the chemical structures of several types of recyclable plastics. Also included are the recycling identification codes for each plastic.
13. Natural rubber is made from a resin that is produced by the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis . Research the commercial production and use of natural rubber, and the circumstances that stimulated the development of synthetic rubber. Write a brief report on your findings. This page is sponsored by the Tun Abdul Razak Research Centre. It provides a fascinating history of rubber, starting from Columbus bringing it to Europe from the West Indies. From the Rubber Association of Canada, this site provides a chart-form timeline of major events relating to rubber and its past uses. This Web site contains a number
of links to sites about Charles Goodyear, the man credited with discovering
the vulcanization of rubber.
p. 243 2. Research other examples of organic chemistry leading to the development of useful new medical products, such as gel capsules, artificial skin, artificial heart valves, synthetic joints, absorbable sutures, and denture materials. Prepare a one-page report on the structure, properties, and development of each product you research. Estrogen patch might be safer for heart This United Press article describes the advantages and disadvantages of using the estrogen patch rather than pills as a means of delivering estrogen to patients. The Technology Behind Drug Patches This Web site is found in the pages of The Chemical Institute of Canada. It briefly discusses the mechanism of transdermal drug delivery, and explains how it is used in drug patches. It also introduces Pharma Patch, a Toronto-based company, that researches and develops these devices.
Artificial Skin Offers Genuine Hope This article discusses the benefits of using bioengineered skin. Find out how this new technology has improved the survival rates of burn victims. Heart
Valve Replacement This page answers some important questions about artificial joints, including what is a joint, what is total joint replacement, when joint replacement is necessary, and how the procedure is performed. Advanced Materials Changing Our Lives This article was written by a Ph.D. graduate from the University of Utah. It discusses the evolution of tool making, from the Stone Age to the development of ceramics, polymers, and semiconductors, along with their impact on human life. In addition, it talks about the career opportunities available in materials science. Puncture-Resistant Angioplasty Balloons Developed Medical DeviceLink is a collection of Web sites devoted to the medical device industry. This site discusses a recent development by the company Advanced Polymers Inc. of puncture-resistant, high-pressure angioplasty balloons using a polymer coating.
3. Several other medications are available in the form of patches. (See examples above.) Research the advantages or disadvantages of a skin patch as a delivery method for one of these medications. Discuss any other preferable delivery methods for this medication, and give reasons. The Technology Behind Drug Patches This Web site is found in the pages of The Chemical Institute of Canada. It briefly discusses the mechanism of transdermal drug delivery, and explains how it is used in drug patches. It also introduces Pharma Patch, a Toronto-based company, that researches and develops these devices. Alternative Routes of Drug Administration The first part of this article provides a general overview of the factors involved in the kinetics of transdermal drug delivery, and the advantages and disadvantages of this method. Estrogen patch might be safer for heart This United Press article describes the advantages and disadvantages of using the estrogen patch rather than pills as a means of delivering estrogen to patients. Patch Matches Pill in Preventing Pregnancy This article describes the use of patches instead of pills in preventing pregnancies. Find out what new studies have concluded about the effectiveness and compliance results in women using this new form of birth control.
p. 245 (g) Other substances that are used to thicken food include cornstarch, gelatin, and carrageenan. Research the sources of these substances and their molecular structures. Suggest reasons why these substances have similar properties.
This article describes the use of gums in food preparation, and the types of gums that are available.
Food Chemistry: Operations in Food Processing This colourful slide presentation provides some easy-to-understand information about starch, its sources, properties, chemical structure, configuration, uses, and how it gelatinizes.
Starches and Starch-Thickened Products This page answers some important questions about starch, its effectiveness as a thickening agent, and how acids and large amounts of sugars affect the gelatinization of starch.
Gelatin Manufacturers Association of Asia Pacific This page provides an overview of gelatin, its physical properties, and its importance in food, health, cosmetics, photography, and pharmacy. This article describes fish gelatin, and how it is extracted, processed, and used. Learn about how the structure and composition of gelatin determines its functions in food processing, photography, and industry. An Introduction to Carrageenan This page provides a brief introduction to the carrageenan family of polysaccharides, its production, and its uses in various food, agricultural, horticultural, biotechnological, personal care, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. This page describes the molecular structure of carrageenan, the three main types of carrageenan, and the functional groups present in this compound.
p. 248 5. Research and provide examples of the use of organic chemistry to solve technical problems in the medical field. Write a report on one of the problems you find, including a description of the problem to be solved, existing technical solutions, and the role of organic chemistry in an improved solution. As a starting point for your research, consider: • drug delivery systems, such as estrogen patches • artificial flexible joints • medical textiles, such as adhesives • medical equipment, such as materials for • polymers as UV blockers The Technology Behind Drug Patches This Web site is found in the pages of The Chemical Institute of Canada. It briefly discusses the mechanism of transdermal drug delivery, and explains how it is used in drug patches. It also introduces Pharma Patch, a Toronto-based company, that researches and develops these devices. Jenapharm is the German company that maintains this Web site. The site briefly discusses the use of estrogen sulfamates as estrogen therapy, since these drugs eventually become estrogen in the body. It includes a helpful schematic diagram showing the drug's path through the body. EPEA is a scientific consultancy that espouses "Eco-effectiveness." This Web site lists the various auxiliary services that the company provides, including UV absorption and stabilizers. Advanced Materials Changing Our Lives This article was written by a Ph.D. graduate from the University of Utah. It discusses the evolution of tool making, from the Stone Age to the development of ceramics, polymers, and semiconductors, along with their impact on human life. In addition, it talks about the career opportunities available in materials science. Puncture-Resistant
Angioplasty Balloons Developed
p. 255 (j) Soaps are made from natural fats
and oils, but detergents are synthetic compounds made from petroleum
products. Research the composition and use of detergents. Write a paragraph
to present arguments for and against the use of
Detergent
Surfactants
Chemicals
from fossil fuels
Learn about the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources, and how certain products, such as detergents are made from materials that are in limited supply and cannot be replenished.
p. 258 20.(a) Using print or
electronic resources, find and draw the (b) What do the compounds have in common? (c) List some environmental
impacts of each compound.
Aquatic-Terrestrial Atmospheric Ecosystem Linkages to Chemical Cycles This page provides the chemical structures of some of the compounds commonly found in coolants for refrigerators or air conditioners. This page shows the structure of polychlorinated biphenyls that were used as a transformer coolant until the late 1970s.
Adding fluorocarbons to the air A part of the Enviroweb group of Web sites, this page briefly discusses the connection between air conditioners and fluorocarbons in the atmosphere. By following the links on this page, you can find a detailed explanation of the issue of fluorocarbons and their effect on the ozone layer, and on global warming. Mitsubishi provides this web page explaining the movement from car air conditioners using CFCs to HFCs. It introduces the idea of now moving to carbon dioxide instead of either of the above fluorocarbons in order to avoid increased greenhouse gas emissions. Ontario and Manitoba to ban ozone-depleting air conditioners in cars This Canadian Press reporter informs us that Ontario and Manitoba will be limiting further use of CFCs, especially in the air conditioners of older cars. The article explains some of the benefits of such a policy, but also mentions criticisms by some environmental groups of the new policy.
21. (a) Glucose, glycerol, and ethylene glycol all have a sweet
(b) Predict, with reasons, the relative melting points and boiling points of rubbing alcohol, glucose, glycerol, and ethylene glycol. (c) Predict, with reasons, the solubility of each of these compounds in water and in gasoline. (d) Suggest a reason why ethylene glycol (car antifreeze) must be stored safely and spills must be cleaned up. (e) Do the structures of these four compounds support the hypothesis that taste receptors respond to functional groups in the compounds tested? Explain.
This page contains a three-dimensional view of the glucose molecule. [**Please note: You will likely need to download additional software to see the picture.]
This site is the result of a partnership between Kennesaw State University and the United States' National Science Foundation. It provides a brief overview of carbohydrates, and talks about such molecules as sucrose, cellulose, and glycerol.
22. The distinction between "natural" and "synthetic" is usually based on the source of a product: whether the product is made by living organisms or by a laboratory procedure. Sometimes the product is even the same. For example, when bananas are dissolved in a solvent and the flavouring is extracted, the pentyl ethanoate obtained is labelled "natural flavour." When pentyl ethanoate is synthesized by esterification of ethanoic acid and pentanol, it is labelled "artificial flavour." (a) Write an equation for the synthesis of pentyl ethanoate. (b) In your opinion, what criteria should be used to distinguish a "natural" product from a "synthetic" product? (c) Research the differences in the source and processing methods of vanilla flavouring. Write a report on your findings. This Web site from the Vanilla Company describes the facts relating to vanilla, from general information to specific details regarding various vanilla products. Ortho-Eugenol belongs to a class of compounds called vanilloids. This site describes the molecule, and explains how to prepare it in a lab.
The Determination of Vanillin in Vanilla Extract This page, by the University of Malta's Department
of Chemistry, provides the chemical structure of vanillin and outlines
a very useful procedure for analyzing the contents of vanilla extract.
p. 259 23. There are several artificial sweeteners in use today, besides aspartame. Research some of the sweeteners that are used in sugarless gum. Draw their structural formulas. Investigate their advantages and disadvantages over sugar and aspartame. Which sweetener do you think is the best? Defend your decision.
Aspartame
Information Center Artificial
Sweeteners The
History, Synthesis, Metabolism and Uses of Artificial Sweeteners
This page describes the brief history of cyclamate, its characteristics, its benefits, and how it is different from natural sugar. Low-Calorie Sweeteners: Cyclamate This page provides a very brief outline of cyclamate, its limitations, applications and the regulatory status of this sugar substitute.
24. There is ongoing research into the development of polymers for use in dentistry and related fields. For example, polymers are used to make moulds of patients' teeth, so they require certain properties, such as low solubility, high tensile strength, and a high softening temperature. They must also be nontoxic, of course. Research current practice and recent advances in the use of organic polymers in dentistry. Write a report on your findings. Make sure that you cover the following topics:
Dental
Polymers Scroll down to item #4 on this list of new research projects sponsored by Delaware State University. The described project will attempt to prevent dental fillings detaching from the tooth cavity wall due to shrinkage. Improving
the Treatment of Cavities
27. Research examples of how organic chemistry is used to address health, safety, or environmental problems. Examples of topics include leaded and unleaded gasoline, dry-cleaning solvents, aerosol propellants, and pesticides and fertilizers. Write a report, or present a case study.
Before You Buy Gasoline or Petrol. This article describes the characteristics and constituents of gasoline, the difference between regular unleaded, mid-grade, premium, and leaded gasoline, as well as synthetic and reformulated fuels. It also provides links to sites about the historical and current situation of leaded gasoline. Non-Toxic Dry Cleaning Alternative This page describes how ingredients in dry-cleaning agents have changed over the years. The advantages and disadvantages of using perc and CFC are also discussed.
This site by EXTOXNET InfoBase provides a variety of information about pesticides, including explanations of concepts in organic chemistry, toxicology, and environmental chemistry. This page describes AG-ORG's organic fertilizer, its characteristics, and its benefits to soil, plants, growers, and consumers.
28. Why are some organic halides toxic, while others are not? Why are some organisms affected more than others? Use the Internet to find out, using the following key words in your search: bioaccumulation, fat-soluble, food chain. Report on your findings by writing a short article for a popular science magazine or Web site. Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification This Web site summarizes the manner in which pollutants enter an ecosystem, as well as their tendency to concentrate as they move through trophic levels. It provides case studies on dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) and the Long Island Estuary, and mentions various federal acts relating to heavy metal pollution. This Oregon State University site defines bioaccumulation, explains its process, and discusses the process in terms of the dynamic equilibrium that exists both within individual organisms, and throughout ecosystems.
Bioaccumulation Studies in Streams This site provides links to the results of monitoring projects that keep track of certain bioaccumulation markers in specific streams across the United States. Sediment
Toxicity and Bioaccumulation Testing
29. The compound p -aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is the active ingredient in some sunscreen lotions.
(b)Predict some properties of PABA, such as solubility, melting point, and chemical reactivity.
This page provides a diagram and description of the structure and chemistry of para-aminobenzoic acid.
Sunscreens-Avoiding the dangers of the sun This page lists the types of sunscreens, how they protect skin from harmful UV rays, and what the SPF values mean and how they are determined.
This site is a comprehensive report on the topic of UV protection. In the description of UVB screening, the advantages and disadvantages of para-aminobenzoic acid are discussed.
30. What makes bubble bath bubbles? Research bubble bath to find the key ingredient. How is this ingredient made? What properties enable it to make bubbles in a bathtub? This page contains the recipe for making homemade bubble bath drops.
This page provides several activities involving bubbles. It explains how detergent molecules remove dirt, and the rules that govern bubble formation. This page briefly describes the chemistry behind bubble formation. It also provides information about soap, sticky water, the shape of bubbles, and what happens when bubble meets bubble.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 29% Solution This order form for sodium lauryl sulfate describes the properties and uses of this chemical.
31. Research each of the following polymers of glucose. Explain its importance to the organism, and describe how its structure is related to its function. (a) starch (b) glycogen (c) cellulose This site provides information about sugars; monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, and galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and maltose), and polysaccharides (starches, glycogen, and cellulose).
This Vision Learning article provides general information about carbohydrates, their composition, and classification.
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