Multiple Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1. |
Which
pair of characteristics describes a water molecule?
a. |
symmetrical
and polar |
c. |
asymmetrical
and polar |
b. |
symmetrical and nonpolar |
d. |
asymmetrical and nonpolar |
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2. |
Which
intermolecular force accounts for the relatively high boiling point
of water?
a. |
hydrogen
bonding |
c. |
metallic
bonding |
b. |
covalent bonding |
d. |
ionic bonding |
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3. |
A
water-quality technician tests water samples for which of the following
ions?
a. |
iron
ions |
c. |
chloride
ions |
b. |
calcium
ions |
d. |
all
of the above |
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4. |
Which
of the following steps would you choose as most important in the water-treatment
process?
a. |
softening |
c. |
fluoridation |
b. |
disinfection |
d. |
all of the above |
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5. |
Which
of the following substances is an Arrhenius acid?
a. |
NH3(aq) |
c. |
HC2H3O2(aq) |
b. |
KOH(aq) |
d. |
CH3OH(aq) |
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6. |
Which
of the following pH values represents the highest concentration of hydrogen
ions in solution?
a. |
pH
= 1 |
c. |
pH
= 3 |
b. |
pH
= 2 |
d. |
pH
= 4 |
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7. |
Seawater has a pH of 8.0. What is its hydrogen ion concentration?
a. |
[H ] = 10–8 mol/L |
c. |
[H ]
= 10–4 mol/L |
b. |
[H ]
= 8 ´
10–1 mol/L |
d. |
[H ] = 10–1 mol/L |
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8. |
What
is the concentration of hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), if 20
mL is needed to neutralize 10 mL of 0.50-mol/L sodium hydroxide solution,
NaOH(aq)?
a. |
1.0
mol/L |
c. |
0.50
mol/L |
b. |
0.75 mol/L |
d. |
0.25 mol/L |
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Matching
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Match each term to its description.
a. |
stratosphere |
f. |
troposphere |
b. |
ionize |
g. |
weak |
c. |
electrolyte |
h. |
hard water |
d. |
Boyle’s
law |
i. |
Charles’s
law |
e. |
absolute
zero |
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9. |
The
volume of a gas decreases as pressure increases.
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10. |
The
lowest possible temperature is __________.
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11. |
As
the temperature of a gas increases, its volume increases.
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12. |
When
acids dissolve in water, they __________.
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13. |
High
concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions in water cause __________.
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14. |
In
solution, these acids are not good conductors of electricity.
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15. |
A
compound that conducts electricity in solution is called a(n) __________.
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16. |
The
air that we breathe is in this atmospheric layer.
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17. |
The
ozone layer is in this part of the atmosphere.
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Other
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18. |
Complete the following crossword puzzle using the clues given
below.
Across |
1.
The chemical formula for calcium |
6.
The electrical nature of a water molecule |
9.
A solution that has a relatively small amount of solute per unit
volume of solution |
10. A substance that reacts with an acid in a double displacement
reaction to produce a salt, carbon dioxide gas, and water |
12.
A stratospheric component that filters UV radiation; also a ground-level
pollutant |
13. An underground formation
of porous rock that collects water |
16.
A water purification process that includes evaporation and condensation |
17. A substance that is formed when a cation from a base bonds
with an anion from an acid |
19. The precise addition
of a solution from a burette into a measured volume of a sample
solution |
20.
A type of substance that is water soluble, tastes sour, and conducts
electricity in solution |
24. Originally a mixture
of smoke and fog; now refers to a bad air condition that results
from a mixture of air pollutants |
27. A substance that changes colour as the pH of a solution approaches
7 |
29. A chemical that is
added to drinking water to help prevent tooth decay |
30.
A solution with a precisely known concentration |
31.
Water that is drinkable |
33.
The process in which neutral atoms or molecules are changed into
charged particles |
35. The scientist who formulated a law that describes the pressure
of gas mixtures |
36. A large quantity
of solute in solution |
39. An organic substance
that is immiscible in water |
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Down |
1.
An aqueous metal ion that is found in hard water |
2.
A substance that covers 70% of Earth |
3.
The ion that is responsible for the properties of bases, according
to Arrhenius |
4. The point in a titration that indicates when a neutralization
reaction is complete |
5. “Free” days that are held around
the world on September 22 |
7.
Substances that react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen
gas |
8. A type of water-soluble substance that tastes bitter and feels
slippery, and can neutralize an acid |
11.
A double displacement reaction between an acid and a base |
14. The chemical formula for iron |
15. A common term for wet acid deposition |
18. The British chemist who determined the relationship between
pressure and volume of a gas |
21. A chemical disinfectant
that is added to water |
22. Water that contains
high concentrations of calcium and magnesium ions |
23.
Water that seeps into the soil and collects beneath Earth’s
surface |
25. The maximum acceptable level of chemicals in water |
26. Matter that takes the space of its container and is compressible |
28.
The French physicist who determined the relationship between the
volume and temperature of a gas |
32. A pollution “hot
spot” in the Great Lakes Basin |
33.
A term that is used to describe a charged particle |
34.
A general term for the gases that we breathe |
37.
The chemical formula for the ion that Arrhenius thought was responsible
for the properties of bases |
38. A measure of the
amount of oxygen that is dissolved in water |
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Completion
Complete each sentence
or statement.
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19. |
Acid
rain causes buildings and statues that are made of limestone and marble
to ____________________.
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20. |
Greenhouse gases have been associated with _________________________.
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21. |
The
_________________________ is used in Ontario to indicate the air quality.
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22. |
____________________ can be seen as a haze in the air.
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23. |
Coffee has a pH of 5.0, and orange juice has a pH of 3.0. The hydrogen
ion concentration for the coffee is ____________________, and the hydrogen
ion concentration for the orange juice is ____________________. Thus,
the hydrogen ions in the juice are ____________________ times more concentrated
than the hydrogen ions in the coffee.
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24. |
Three
greenhouse gases that occur naturally are ____________________, ____________________,
and ____________________. A human-made greenhouse gas is ____________________.
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