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Nelson EducationSchoolBiology 11 College Preparation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Workbook Web LinksUNIT 2: MICROBIOLOGYClick on a section below for Web exercises: 2.3 Alternative Exercise Questions
2.3 Alternative Exercise Questions
p. 67 4. In the spring of 2003, a new disease entered Canada with a traveller who was exposed to a mystery virus in Hong Kong. Research the history of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) using the Internet and other resources. In a chart similar to the one above, summarize what is currently known about SARS and what causes it. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Frequently Asked Questions What is SARS? What are the symptoms? What causes it? Find the answers to these questions and many more on the Centers for Disease Control SARS FAQ page. Find information about SARS on this Web site from Health Canada
2.4 Alternative Exercise Questions
p. 72 (d) Use the Internet or library resources to research one of the species of bacteria you have observed. What is the composition of its cell wall (Gram staining)? Describe its respiration, nutrition, and the colonies it forms. Does this bacteria cause a disease? Present your findings as a 10-min talk to the class, a poster, or a half-page report. Bacterial Diversity Study Guide This university course site summarizes the different types of bacteria studied in microbiology courses and provides information about bacteria size, structure, and nutrition. This site from the University of Edinburgh lists some general properties of bacteria, such as cell shape and Gram reactions, and provides links to more detailed pages about specific types of bacteria.
The Virtual Bacteria Museum contains a wealth of information about bacteria and includes this species filing cabinet, which provides links to details about various types of bacteria.
p. 77 Lactic acid bacteria are responsible for milk souring, which produces the many fermented milk products we enjoy (e.g. yogurt and cheeses). Coliform bacteria are responsible for milk spoilage, which can cause sickness. Use the Internet and other resources to complete the following fact sheet on these two types of milk bacteria. Lactic Acid Read a brief description about lactic acid bacteria and learn about the uses of this type of bacteria from QuestHealthLibrary.com. Lactic Acid Bacteria-Their Uses in Food How are varieties of lactic acid bacteria used in food products? Learn about these useful bacteria on this Web page from the European Food Information Council. General Overview of the Lactic Acid Bacteria This Web page is an excerpt from a bacteriology laboratory manual used at the University of Wisconsin. This page includes a description of these bacteria, their habitats, and their uses. Coliform Is There More Than One Coliform Bacteria? If So What Are Some of Them? Is There More Than One Coliform Bacteria? If So What Are Some of Them? The MadSci network run by the Washington University Medical School in St. Louis addresses this question. This fact sheet from the Minnesota Department of Health gives background information about coliform bacteria, sources of these bacteria, and their effect on human health. (Requires Adobe Acrobat reader.) Suburban Water Testing Labs in Pennsylvania created this fact sheet about coliform bacteria. This page includes information about the bacteria themselves and also includes methods to treat coliform contamination. This page from AAA Water Testing gives background information about coliform bacteria and describes a number of tests that can be used to determine if water has become contaminated with these bacteria.
2.7 Alternative Exercise Questions
p. 79 2. Research the cheese making process.
(a) Describe the following steps in the commercial cheese-making process: pasteurization; ripening; coagulating with rennet; cutting; cooking; draining, salting, pressing, drying; waxing, ageing.
(b) A cheese "culture" refers to the additions of bacteria, yeast, and moulds to milk to control the cheese-making process. Cultures are used to develop acidity and to promote ripening. Lactic acid cultures contribute to both of these functions. Research the growth requirements of lactic acid bacteria.
(i) Why is acidity required in the cheese making process? (ii) List the general characteristics of lactic acid cultures. (iii) Compare the optimum growth temperatures of mesophilic and thermophilic cultures (iv) What cheese characteristics are obtained from secondary cultures?
(c) List six different types of cheese, and the specific microorganism(s) used to obtain their characteristic texture and flavour. The Food Sciences Department of the University of Guelph maintains this site about cheese and cheese-making. This is a very comprehensive site with lots of information about making cheese, quality control, types of milk to use in cheese-making, and also includes some recipes for various types of cheese. What is involved in the cheese-making process? Have you ever wondered how cheese is actually made? If so, this Web site covers all the basics of cheese-making, from the milk used, up to how cheese is ripened. Cedar Grove Cheese-How We Make Cheese Cedar Grove Cheese, a cheese making company in Wisconsin, describes the cheese-making process and includes a number of helpful pictures to illustrate the process. This informative Web site describes how you can make cheese at home and defines all of the major processes involved in cheese making. It also includes recipes for different types of cheese and yogurt.
3. Cheese is only one product in the dairy-processing industry-one of Canada's biggest employers. More than 23 000 people are employed in 300 dairy-processing plants across Canada, producing a variety of dairy products. The industry represents nearly 16% of the total value of all food and beverages produced in Canada and ships about $7.5 billion worth of products across the country and worldwide. (a) List ten job opportunities across the dairy industry (b) Choose the industry area that most interests you and explain why you chose it. What careers are available in the dairy-processing industry? Check this Web page and find out.
p. 80 Statement : Botox treatment is dangerous and should be banned.
What is Botox? What are its applications? Are there any side effects? Find out in this brief article from HowStuffWorks. New Botox Benefit? No Wrinkles, No Headaches This article from CNN.com explains that Botox injections may have medical benefits, along with the well-known cosmetic ones. This page displays an example of a consent form that must be signed before beginning Botox treatment. This form lists some of the major side effects of Botox injections. This article from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons details Botox parties and explains why these events may not be the best time or place to receive Botox injections. The Search feature on the site links to other articles about Botox. This brief article from the Harvard Medical School Family Health Guide describes what Botox is and why it is used in cosmetic surgery. This transcript from Dateline NBC summarizes an interview between Maria Shriver and Irene Medavoy about the negative side effects that Irene Medavoy has experienced since having Botox treatment for migraine headaches.
2.8 Alternative Exercise Questions
p. 82
6. Use the Internet or other resources to complete a similar fact sheet on the Ebola virus. This fact sheet from the World Health Organization describes Ebola, its symptoms, modes of transmission, history, and treatment. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control details the Ebola virus-its symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, and potential prevention of the disease caused by the virus. Dr. Frederick Murphy Talks About the Ebola Virus Read this interview with Dr. Frederick Murphy, the first doctor to look at the Ebola virus under an electron microscope, to get a first-hand account of the Ebola virus and its effects.
p. 85 Autoimmune diseases result when the body's immune system targets its own tissues as invaders. Choose any four of the following autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel diseases, lupus, psoriasis, scleroderma, autoimmune thyroid diseases. Write a short account in the spaces below, listing the symptoms of the disease and the immune system involvement. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases: Autoimuune Disease Examples What are autoimmue diseases? Whi is affected by autoimmune diseases? What are some examples of autoimmune diseases? Find out the answers to all of these questions and more in this Web site from the NIAID, a division of the National Institutes of Health. This Web pages provides a number of links to Web sites about autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus. American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association Use the drop down menu on the patient information page of the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association to learn about a wide range of autoimmune diseases. MEDLINEplus-Autoimmune Diseases This Web site from MEDLINEplus lists a number of links to information about autoimmune diseases, their diagnosis, treatment, and specific conditions.
p. 88 Create six different types of vaccines in your own virtual laboratory. Use the Internet and/or library resources to prepare vaccines against smallpox, measles, polio, tetanus, hepatitis B, and HIV. NOVA Online: Bioterror-Making Vaccines How are vaccines made? Use this virtual laboratory to create your own vaccine against a number of diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and hepatitis A.
p. 99 Biological technicians and technologists collect biological samples, analyze them, and report on what they find. Follow the links from Nelson College Biology to research the duties, programs, and job possibilities in this field. Sort your information about biological technicians and technologists into the following categories: • description • specific duties • related careers • education • career path • employers/workplace • work environment • common job titles Career Matters: Biological Technicians and Technologists Find our what biological technicians and technologists do on this Web site from Career Matters. This site includes a description of the job, the education needed for a job in this field, and potential employers. National Occupational Classification: Biological Technicians and Technologists The National Occupational Classification from Human Resources and Development Canada describes what biological technicians and technologists do, example job titles associated with this career path, and duties that technicians and technologists perform. Work Futures: Biological Technicians and Technologists The Work Futures Web site describes the nature of work, education required, and main duties of biological technicians and technologists and lists job prospects in British Columbia. Techworks: Biological Sciences Technology What careers are available in the area of biological sciences technology? What are the salaries like in this field? These questions and others are answered on this information sheet from Techworks. (Requires Adobe Acrobat reader.) Job Futures: Health Technologies (Other) This page from Job Futures, a division of Human Resources and Development Canada, describes careers available in the field of health technology and the education required for job in this field.
p. 107
Kemptville College near Ottawa, in connection with the Ontario Agricultural College at the University of Guelph, offers a two-year diploma program in Food, Nutrition, and Risk Management. It is described as follows on their Web site "The Food, Nutrition and Risk Management Diploma provides students with a solid foundation in food and nutrition, food processing and safety, and in management issues. The combination of courses covering these topics plus a field placement experience allows students to graduate with a flexibility to move between careers in the health care and the food industry sectors. Career opportunities can be found in: food service management in health care, long term care and commercial facilities; food and equipment sales; nutrition education and in nutrition counseling for wellness. Food industry positions can be found in: quality assurance; product development; food inspection and in food production." Research this diploma program by visiting the Kemptville College Web site. Kemptville College, associated with the University of Guelph, offers a diploma in Food, Nutrition, and Risk Management. What careers are available to those who receive this diploma? What are the courses offered in this program? Find out using the Kemptville College Web site.
2.17 Alternative Exercise Questions p. 111
(c) In some situations, one microorganism makes it possible for another to cause a disease or to produce more severe symptoms. An example of this form of cooperation involves the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. The presence of Mycobacterium is known to increase the risk of acquiring HIV infection. Infection with HIV increases the spread of mycobacteria infection in the body. Use Internet and/or library resources to further describe this example of cooperation. Mycobacterium avian complex (MAC) is a group of germs that can infect people living with HIV. Find out more about MAC, the effect it has on people living with HIV, and how to prevent and treat MAC disease. This site describes Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), a bacillus that causes disease in people with weakened immune systems, such as those people living with HIV. Mycobacterium Avian Complex (MAC) AIDS.org summarizes MAC, its symptoms, prevention, and treatment. The American Lung Association lists a number of respiratory diseases associated with HIV and AIDS including MAC, tuberculosis, and pneumonia.
p. 112
It is estimated that 8% of the human population will show some signs of a genetic disorder by age 25. Examples of single-gene disorders include achondroplasia (very short stature), cystic fibrosis (CF), and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Gene therapy has enormous potential to lessen or correct a genetic disorder, using one of three techniques: inserting a normal gene into the chromosome; chemically modifying the defective gene to make it behave normally; or extracting the defective gene and replacing it with a normal one. Bacteria may be sources of new genes, through the use of recombinant DNA technology. The attempt to cure disease and reduce suffering has found few opponents. However, there are worries that gene therapy will be abused. In addition, some people believe that tampering with DNA is socially and ethically wrong. What do you think? Research the issue and express an informed opinion below. Consider medical, economic, ethical, personal, and societal aspects of this issue. This Web page briefly describes what gene therapy is, methods of performing gene therapy, and diseases that researchers have attempted to treat using gene therapy. (Requires Adobe Acrobat reader.) This Web page lists a number of articles from various sources that are either for or against gene therapy. Human Genome Project Information: Gene Therapy Find out more about gene therapy in this site from the Human Genome Project. Included at the bottom of the page are a number of links to other Web sites about the ethics of gene therapy.
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