Multiple Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1. |
Which
of the following is not a part of the environmental decision-making
process?
a. |
defending
a decision |
c. |
creating
a hypothesis |
b. |
evaluating the process |
d. |
defining the issue |
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2. |
If
you were an ecologist, what would be your main concern for study?
a. |
how
humans affect the environment |
b. |
how populations of species change |
c. |
how
species compete with one another |
d. |
how organisms interact with one another
and with their environment |
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3. |
Which
process converts energy from the sun into chemical energy?
a. |
radiation |
c. |
cellular
respiration |
b. |
photosynthesis |
d. |
chemosynthesis |
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4. |
Krill
are small primary consumers in the oceans that are consumed by a variety
of organisms, one of which is the largest organism that has ever existed,
the blue whale. What is the ecological role of the blue whale?
a. |
primary
producer |
c. |
primary
consumer |
b. |
secondary consumer |
d. |
tertiary consumer |
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5. |
What
is wrong (in terms of energy flow) with an ecosystem comprised of 50%
primary producers, 2% tertiary consumers, 12% primary consumers, and
33% secondary consumers?
a. |
too
many tertiary consumers |
c. |
too
many primary producers |
b. |
not enough primary producers |
d. |
not enough primary consumers |
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6. |
Which
statement describes an indicator species?
a. |
a species that normally lives in a particular
ecosystem |
b. |
a species that provides an early warning
of environmental damage |
c. |
a species that migrates into an ecosystem |
d. |
a species that indicates the size of the
ecosystem |
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7. |
Why
do amphibians such as frogs make good indicator species?
a. |
They
live part of their life in water and part on land. |
b. |
They have tough skin and do not sunburn. |
c. |
They are not affected by pollution. |
d. |
They
are very adaptable to new habitats. |
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8. |
To
increase the amount of energy available from food, which of the following
strategies can people use?
a. |
eat
more fish |
c. |
eat
farther along the food chain |
b. |
eat earlier in the food chain |
d. |
eat more meat products |
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9. |
Which
of the following would be considered a tertiary consumer?
a. |
a
grasshopper |
c. |
a
deer |
b. |
a
jellyfish |
d. |
an
osprey |
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10. |
Which
of the following ecosystems has the lowest productivity?
a. |
tundra |
c. |
grassland |
b. |
boreal forest |
d. |
estuary |
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11. |
Which
of the following processes of the water cycle is not driven by gravity?
a. |
precipitation |
c. |
runoff |
b. |
percolation |
d. |
evaporation |
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12. |
Of
the following objects that contain carbon, which will give up their
carbon the most slowly?
a. |
a
bacterium |
c. |
a
tree leaf |
b. |
a
cow |
d. |
a
seashell |
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13. |
Nitrogen gas is converted into ammonia by bacteria through which
of the following processes?
a. |
denitrification |
c. |
nitrification |
b. |
ammonification |
d. |
nitrogen fixation |
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14. |
Where
is phosphorus not found in the ecosystem?
a. |
living organisms |
c. |
rocks |
b. |
oceans |
d. |
atmosphere |
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Short Answer
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15. |
In
a forest ecosystem, wolves and humans feed on deer, and deer feed on
plants. If the plants eaten by one deer are able to trap 657 mJ of energy
through photosynthesis, how much energy is available for the deer? for
humans or wolves that eat the deer?
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16. |
Sketch a typical energy pyramid to represent the following food
chain and give an example of an organism from each trophic level.
-
producers—1500 kJ
- primary consumers—? kJ
-
secondary consumers—? kJ
- tertiary consumers—? kJ
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17. |
Using
the numbers 1 to 5, order the following processes of the nitrogen cycle,
starting with breaking apart the atoms in nitrogen gas molecules. Write
a one-sentence explanation of each process.
¾ denitrification
¾
ammonification
¾ nitrogen fixation
¾
nitrification
¾ assimilation
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Completion
Complete each sentence
or statement.
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18. |
The
major source of energy for all living things is ____________________.
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19. |
The
process of ____________________ traps energy so it can be used by living
organisms.
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20. |
Plants are considered ____________________ since they carry out
the process of photosynthesis. Because they make their own food they
are also considered ____________________.
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21. |
Producers are eaten by organisms called ____________________.
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22. |
All
of the organisms that cannot produce their own food are considered ____________________.
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23. |
Organisms living off dead and decaying material are called ____________________.
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24. |
Canada’s major biomes are subdivided into smaller regions
called ____________________.
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25. |
In
addition to the biophysical characteristics used to describe biomes,
____________________ is also used to describe ecozones.
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26. |
In
food pyramids, the ____________________ level contains the greatest
amount of stored mass.
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27. |
About
____________________% of the total energy from one trophic level is
transferred to another in a typical ecosystem.
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