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CHAPTER WEB LINKS
Destinies
Canadian History Since Confederation
Fourth Edition
R. Douglas Francis,
Richard Jones, and Donald B. Smith
WEB LINKS LISTED BY CHAPTERS
CHAPTER ONE
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CHAPTER TWO
- The
Rupert’s Land Act, 1869
The full text of the Rupert’s Land Act of 1869, which expanded Canada to include
parts of the Northwest formerly controlled by the Hudson’s Bay Company.
- Louis Riel
A detailed biography of Louis Riel, who led the 1869 Métis resistance to the sale of
Rupert’s Land.
- The
Manitoba Act, 1870
The full text of the Manitoba Act from 1870. A compromise between the Canadian government
and the Métis on Rupert’s Land, this Act brought Manitoba into Confederation as the
first new province.
- Proposed
Terms of Union, 1869
A document showing the proposed terms of union between Canada and Newfoundland in 1869.
The agreement was defeated, however, and Newfoundland did not raise the issue for another
25 years.
- British
Columbia Terms of Union
The original document detailing the terms of union under which British Columbia was
admitted into Confederation.
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CHAPTER THREE
- Alexander Mackenzie
A short biography of Alexander Mackenzie, the second prime minister (and the first Liberal
prime minister) to hold office following Macdonald’s resignation in 1872.
- Treaties
This site from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada provides the full text to a number of
treaties, including Treaties One to Seven, which covered the period 1871 to 1877 and dealt
with the division of the Northwest.
- The Chinese
Immigration Act, 1885
Selections from the 1885 Chinese Immigration Act, which restricted Asian immigration to
Canada.
- Clifford
Sifton
A biography of Clifford Sifton, who helped to increase immigration to the West during his
time as Minister of the Interior.
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CHAPTER FOUR
- The
Ontario Boundary Act, 1889
The full text of the 1889 Ontario Boundary Act, which settled the dispute between Ontario
and Manitoba and fixed the western limits of Ontario.
- The
North-West Rebellion of 1885
This site includes a wide range of information about the rebellion. Biographies of major
players can be found under "The 1885 Resistance."
- Sir Wilfrid
Laurier
A brief biography of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier, including details about his
background and career. A more descriptive biography, as well as an anecdote about
Laurier’s time as prime minister, can be accessed at the bottom of the page.
- The
Laurier - Greenway Compromise
The Laurier - Greenway Compromise, also known as the Manitoba School Act of 1896,
attempted to resolve the issue of religion and language in education.
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CHAPTER FIVE
- The
Reciprocity Treaty of 1854
The full text of the 1854 Reciprocity Treaty between the United States and Canada, which,
although it was cancelled in 1866, continued to have considerable influence on the
economic relations between the two countries.
- Stephen
Leacock
A detailed biography of Stephen Leacock.
- The
Alaska Boundary Dispute
An overview of the Alaska Boundary Dispute between Canada and the United States, with
information on causes and reactions, as well as selected articles from period newspapers.
- Wilfrid
Laurier on the Naval Bill
The full text of Laurier’s speech to the House of Commons in regard to the 1910 Naval
Service Bill, which helped to establish the Canadian navy.
- Robert L.
Borden
A brief biography of Prime Minister Robert L. Borden, with additional links to a
descriptive biography and an anecdote about his time in office.
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CHAPTER SIX
- Timothy Eaton
A biography of Timothy Eaton that details his beginnings and his rise to success as a
department- store magnate.
- The
Substance of Development, 1871 - 1928
A detailed account of Canada’s economic development during the period 1871 - 1928.
- British
Columbia’s Resource Development
A detailed look at the economic development of British Columbia and its dependence on
natural resources. Through description and photographs, this site examines the historical
growth of industries such as forestry, mining, and fishing in British Columbia.
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CHAPTER SEVEN
- The
Peopling of Canada, 1891 - 1921
This site features information on Canadian population and society at the turn of the
century, including immigration and migration patterns, settlement of the West, and
descriptions of urban and rural life.
- The
History of Mining in Cape Breton
A detailed account of the history of coal mining in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, with
information on early mining methods, on unions such as the Provincial Workman’s
Association, and a virtual tour through the Miner’s Museum.
- Ontario
Town Life
A short description, with photographs, of life in a typical Ontario town at the turn of
the century.
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CHAPTER
EIGHT
- J.S.
Woodsworth
A brief biography of J.S. Woodsworth, a prominent Canadian social reformer of the early
twentieth century.
- A History of Banff National
Park
A historical overview of Banff National Park, Canada’s first national conservation
area. This site includes old photographs and links to information about other national
parks in Canada.
- Votes for Women
A brief description of the main legislative acts relevant to women’s suffrage in
Canada. This site also provides the dates on which women gained the right to vote and to
stand for provincial office in each province. Biographies of key women in Canadian
history, such as Emily Jennings Stowe, Adelaide Hoodless, and Nellie McClung, are
available at http://niagara.com/~merrwill/.
- Nellie
McClung
A detailed biography of Nellie McClung, teacher and suffragette in the Canadian West.
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CHAPTER NINE
- The National
Anthem of Canada
A short history of Canada’s national anthem, complete with sound clips, music sheets,
bilingual lyrics, and biographies of the musicians and writers who helped create "O
Canada."
- The
National Gallery of Canada
The National Gallery of Canada showcases a variety of Canadian art, that can be accessed
through the collections, exhibitions, or a virtual tour of the gallery.
- Selected Poetry of Bliss
Carman (1861 - 1929)
This site, from the University of Toronto, offers selections from the poetry of Bliss
Carman, one of the "Confederation poets," as well as a link to works by
Archibald Lampman, another Confederation poet.
- A Portrait of
Edward Hanlan
A photograph and short biography of Edward "Ned" Hanlan, one of Canada’s
first sports heroes.
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CHAPTER TEN
- Canadians
in World War I
The Canadian War Museum offers an online tour of World War I that includes photographs and
descriptions of the weapons used in trench warfare.
- "What
do we owe England?"
An excerpt from the writings of Henri Bourassa, a French Canadian who opposed sending
troops to fight for the British Empire during World War I.
- Robert L.
Borden on National Service
A speech by Prime Minister Robert Borden, from 1916, in which he appeals to Canadians to
support national service during the latter half of the war.
- Citizens’
Committee of 1000
A short description of the Citizens’ Committee of 1000, which played a prominent role
in Winnipeg’s General Strike of 1919, with links to additional information about the
strike.
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CHAPTER ELEVEN
- William
Lyon Mackenzie King
A brief biography of William Lyon Mackenzie King, with details about his background and
career, and a link to a more descriptive biography at the bottom of the page.
- Winged Messenger:
Airmail in the Heroic Era, 1918-1939
This virtual exhibition from the Canadian Museum of Civilization offers information on
early developments in the airplane industry and on the delivery of airmail.
- Then & Now: Women in
Canadian Legislatures
This site from the National Library of Canada features a number of biographies, including
that of Agnes Macphail.
- The
Persons Case
A site devoted to Governor General's Awards in Commemoration of the Persons Case. It
includes brief history of the case and biographies of the five women involved in it.
- The Group of
Seven and Their Contemporaries
This site from the McMichael Canadian Art Collection includes biographies of, and
reproductions of works by, the members of the Group of Seven and their associates, as well
as a brief history of the Group.
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CHAPTER TWELVE
- The Great Depression
This site provides an overview of life during the Great Depression in the Vancouver area,
including popular culture, a description of economic and living conditions of different
classes, and information on Vancouver’s ethnic communities.
- Richard B.
Bennett
A brief biography of Richard Bedford Bennett, with additional links to a descriptive
biography, a photograph, and an anecdote about his time in office.
- The Bank of Canada Act
The full text of the Bank of Canada Act, which established the Bank of Canada in 1935.
- Alberta’s Social Credit
Party
A history of the Social Credit party in Alberta.
- A
History of the Communist Party of Canada
From the Communist Party of Canada home page, go to "In Our Archives" to read an
official party history and view photographs from 1920s and 1930s.
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN
- The Valour
and the Horror
The site of the controversial TV series The Valour and the Horror features
background information on the series itself as well as a wealth of material on Canadian
participation in the invasion of Normandy and in World War II in general, including maps,
photographs, biographies, personal stories, and much more. This site also features an
interesting section on "Women in the War."
- The National Film
Board of Canada
A brief history of the National Film Board of Canada. Check out "1940s" for more
information about the NFB’s activities during that decade.
- C.D. Howe
An illustrated biography of C.D. Howe.
- The 1940
Unemployment Insurance Act
A detailed explanation of the 1940 Unemployment Insurance Act.
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN
- Louis St.
Laurent
A brief biography of Louis Stephen St. Laurent, with details about his background and
career. A more descriptive biography can be accessed at the bottom of the page.
- The
Newfoundland Act, 1949
The full text of the Newfoundland Act of 1949, which made Newfoundland Canada’s tenth
province.
- The Inuit
Resettlement Project, 1953
This essay, "A Case of Compounded Error: The Inuit Resettlement Project, 1953, and
the Government Response, 1990," by Shelagh D. Grant (published by the Canadian Arctic
Resources Committee) evaluates the government’s 1953 decision to relocate seven Inuit
families and the aftermath of this decision.
- John Diefenbaker
This site about Canada’s thirteenth prime minister features a wealth of information
on Diefenbaker, including a brief biography, famous quotations, photographs and sound
bites, articles and excerpts from books, and much more.
- The
Massey Commission
The full text of the report submitted by the Royal Commission on National Development in
the Arts, Letters and Sciences (the Massey Commission), courtesy of the National Library
of Canada.
- The Canada Council
The full text of the Canada Council Act, from the Department of Justice. To find out more
about what the Canada Council for the Arts does, visit http://www.canadacouncil.ca/default.htm.
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN
- Leonard
Cohen
A comprehensive introduction to Leonard Cohen’s work, including a bibliography, a
discography, and lyrics to many of his songs.
- The
Cradle of Collective Bargaining
Click on "Labour" and then on "Cradle of Collective Bargaining." This
site presents a history of unionization in Hamilton, Ontario. Check out the slide show for
an illustrated overview of the labour movement (including strikes at the Stelco plant
between the 1940s and the 1970s) and read the essay "Women, Work, and Unions" to
learn about women’s working conditions.
- Lester B.
Pearson
A brief biography of Lester B. Pearson, with details about his background and career. A
more descriptive biography can be accessed at the bottom of the page.
- The Canada Pension Plan
The full text of the Canada Pension Plan legislation.
- Canada’s
Flag: A Search for a Country
Read all about the history of the Canadian flag and view prototypes of the flag as well as
political cartoons related to its development.
- Pierre
Elliott Trudeau
A brief biography of Pierre Elliott Trudeau, with details about his background and career.
A more descriptive biography can be accessed at the bottom of the page.
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN
- Aboriginal
Links for Canada and the United States
This comprehensive site features hundreds of links to and resources about or by Aboriginal
peoples.
- The Indian Act
The full text of the current Indian Act from the Department of Justice. Scan through the
text to find some of the major revisions made in 1951.
- Trudeau’s Remarks on
Treaty Rights
"Prime Minister Trudeau: Remarks on Indian Aboriginal and treaty rights, part of a
speech given August 8, 1969 in Vancouver, British Columbia." This excerpt provides
Trudeau’s rationale behind the "White Paper" proposed in 1969.
- Royal
Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
This site includes the full report submitted by the commission. See also "Forging a
New Relationship: Proceedings of the Conference on the Report of the Royal Commission on
Aboriginal People, McGill University, January 3 - February 2, 1997" at http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/programs/misc/
rcappub.htm.
- The Nunavut Planning
Commission
The Nunavut Planning Commission site offers information on the history of land claims in
this area, as well as an overview of Nunavut’s government, economic policy, and land
use.
- Native Land Claims
Full text of several Native land claims acts, from the Department of Justice.
• Nunavut
Land Claims Agreement Act
• Gwich’in
Land Claim Settlement Act
• Sahtu Dene
and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act
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CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
- The Origins of
Quebec Separatism
A brief overview of the history of Quebec separatism from The Unity Link Web site.
- Living
in French in Canada
This site, from Canadian Heritage’s Official Languages Support Program, provides an
overview of the use of the French language in Canada. Included are brief descriptions and
statistics by province.
- The Meech Lake
Accord
The full text of the 1987 Constitutional Accord, also known as the Meech Lake Accord.
- Lucien
Bouchard and the Parti Québécois
Check out Lucien Bouchard’s "Biography" or read up on Parti
Québécois’s history of Quebec’s sovereignty movement, under "Our Project:
Sovereignty."
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CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
- Statistics
Canada’s People Page
Check out recent statistics on each province’s population and growth, education,
employment, housing, and much more.
- The Council of Maritime
Premiers
This site features the history of the council, descriptions of its agencies, the full text
of annual reports, and links to sites for the individual Maritime provinces.
- A
History of the Northern Cod Fishery
An extensive, illustrated history of cod fishery in Atlantic Canada. Of special interest
for this chapter are the last six sections, which provide information on the destruction
of this natural resource and on attempts to rebuild the Atlantic fish stocks.
- W.A.C.
Bennett
A page devoted to W.A.C. Bennett that features an informal biography and numerous
photographs, including a reproduction of the Canada Post stamp that bears his likeness.
- Friends of
Clayoquot Sound
This site includes background information on the logging dispute in Clayoquot Sound as
well as a detailed, illustrated report.
- Preston
Manning
Preston Manning’s biography, from the Office of the Leader of the Opposition, which
includes his recent speeches.
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CHAPTER NINETEEN
- Population Statistics
A detailed look at population statistics from Statistics Canada. The statistics under
"Origins and visible minorities," "Languages," and "Immigrant
population" are of particular relevance to this chapter.
- The Canadian Bill of
Rights
The full text of the Canadian Bill of Rights from the Department of Justice.
- The Employment Equity
Act
The full text of the Employment Equity Act from the Department of Justice.
- Multiculturalism
in Canada
This page provides a brief history and outline of the federal government’s
initiatives related to multiculturalism. Other relevant sites related to multiculturalism
in Canada include:
• Annual reports from the Canadian Heritage and Multiculturalism branch of
government, on the operation of the Canadian
Multiculturalism Act. Each report includes detailed analysis of economic, legal,
health, and cultural issues in light of the government’s multiculturalism policy.
- Coming
to Canada
Information from Citizenship and Immigration Canada about regulations and application
procedures.
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CHAPTER TWENTY
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