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CHAPTER WEB
LINKS
Origins
Canadian History to Confederation
Fourth Edition
R. Douglas Francis, Richard
Jones, and Donald B. Smith
WEB LINKS LISTED BY CHAPTERS
CHAPTER ONE
- The "Mound
Builders"
This site from the Hutchinson Research Center includes background information on
Amerindian cultures labelled "Mound Builders" and on the mounds they
constructed. Of special interest is the Catalog of Mound and Other Earthwork Types.
- Stones Unturned
A virtual exhibition of native clothing, musical instruments, games, and toys from the
Canadian Museum of Civilization. This site also contains brief descriptions and maps of
the main Native language groups.
- Legends of Our Times:
Native Ranching and Rodeo Life on the Plains and Plateau
This site from the Canadian Museum of Civilization features a contemporary history of
Native ranching and rodeo, as well as information on sacred beliefs associated with
animals.
- The Prehistory and Prehistoric
Art of the Canadian Inuit
An illustrated overview of the prehistoric Arctic cultures.
- The
Archaeology of an Iroquoian Longhouse
An overview of an Ontario Iroquoian longhouse, including a detailed explanation of various
structural elements, background information on Iroquois culture, and a brief look at
archeological methods used to conduct research in this area.
- An Iroquoian
Longhouse in RealSpace VR
Explore the inside of a longhouse in 3-D (you will need Java and Live Picture Viewer to
view this page).
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CHAPTER TWO
- Leif
Ericsson
An overview of the lives and adventures of Eric the Red, Leif Ericsson, and Thorvald,
Leif’s brother.
- Canada Hall’s Canadian
History Exhibition
Link to "On the Edge of a New World: 1000 - 1600," which includes an illustrated
overview of the Norse and European voyages, with information on the explorers, whaling,
and the fishery during this time.
- Christopher Columbus
An annotated list of links to Web resources on Christopher Columbus, from the Discoverers
Web where you will find extensive biographical information, detailed accounts of
Columbus’s voyages, an explanation of navigation methods, portraits and
illustrations, and much more.
- John
Cabot
A brief biography of John Cabot. Click on the side bar menu for details about his 1497 and
1498 voyages.
- Jacques Cartier
A brief biography of Jacques Cartier with an overview of his major contributions. For
information on Cartier’s contributions to Canadian place names, visit http://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/english/schoolnet/
jcartier.html.
- Martin Frobisher
An overview of Martin Frobisher’s voyages of 1576, 1577, and 1578, as well as an
account of his major accomplishments.
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CHAPTER THREE
- Living in Canada in
the Time of Champlain, 1600 - 1635
A virtual exhibition featuring Champlain’s voyages, as well as commerce, warfare,
farming, and other aspects of life in New France during this period.
- The Foundation of Quebec,
1608
Read Champlain’s own account of the foundation of Quebec.
- Jeune’s
Relations, 1634
The full text of Relation of What Occurred in New France on the Great River St.
Lawrence, in the year One Thousand Six Hundred and Thirty-Four, by Father Paul le
Jeune.
- The Jesuit
Relations and Allied Documents, 1610 - 1791
The full text of 55 volumes of the Jesuit Relations.
- Old
Montreal: The Historic City Centre
A virtual tour of old Montreal, which covers six historical periods, from the time of
Ville-Marie to the present.
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CHAPTER FOUR
- De-Ka-Nah-Wi-Da
and Hiawatha
The story of Hiawatha from the Indigenous Peoples’ Literature site.
- Huron and Iroquois History
These pages from the First Nations Histories site feature a wealth of information on these
two nations, including detailed accounts of the wars between them, and the influence that
French settlers and French trade had on their relations.
- The Early Years of the
Hudson’s Bay Company
The first three sections of this site from the Hudson’s Bay Company cover early
exploration, establishment of posts on James Bay and Hudson Bay, and the granting of the
Royal Charter.
- Fort Frontenac
This page from the Cataraqui Archaeological Research Foundation provides an illustrated
overview of the history and archaeology of Fort Frontenac (located in present-day
Kingston).
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CHAPTER FIVE
- Virtual
Museum of New France
Extensive information on the exploration of and life in New France during the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries. Look at "People" to learn all about those who lived in
New France: habitants, filles du roi, voyageurs, coureurs des bois, and more.
- The
St. Lawrence River
A look at the St. Lawrence, the Maritime seaway and economic centre of Canada. Click on
"History" to learn about the St. Lawrence’s rich heritage.
- Jean
Talon
Read about Jean Talon and North America’s first census, which he administered during
the winter of 1665 - 1666.
- Quebec and
the Agricultural Trap Thesis
In this essay, Robin Neill, Adjunct Professor of Economics at Carleton University and
University of Prince Edward Island, explains the claim that "Quebec’s economic
experience is a consequence of its having an agricultural stage from which it emerged only
with difficulty because of the feudal nature of its land alienation and tenure
institutions" during the mercantile era.
- The Black Community in the
History of Quebec and Canada
This site offers a brief look at the introduction of black slaves into Canada, some
decrees related to slavery, and the case of Marie-Joseph-Angélique.
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CHAPTER SIX
- Henry Hudson
An illustrated biography of Henry Hudson, by Ian Chadwick, which includes detailed
information about his voyages.
- Sir
William Phips
An article from the St. Mary’s Times discussing the controversy about Sir
William Phips’ character.
- The Fortress of Louisbourg
This site offers a virtual tour of the reconstructed fort and recounts the history of
Louisbourg with extensive information on its eighteenth-century inhabitants.
- Digital History LTD
This site offers a wealth of material including biographies of Montcalm and Wolfe;
descriptions of regiments, battles, and British and French forts (with maps and
illustrations); as well as an online forum for discussion.
- The
Conquest of Canada: 1758 - 1760
This site sets the background for the Seven Years’ War, with information on British
campaigns against New France.
- The
Seven Years’ War
This site, sponsored by the Discriminating General, a company that specializes in military
replicas, includes descriptions of the regiments on both the French and English sides,
relevant articles, sound clips, and promotional material.
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CHAPTER SEVEN
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CHAPTER EIGHT
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CHAPTER NINE
- Paris Peace
Treaty, 1783
A reproduction and full text of the Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 as it appeared in Jackson’s
Oxford Journal, England, on October 4, 1783.
- Index
to Ontario Loyalists
These pages from the Canadian Military Heritage Project include a brief history of the
Loyalists and Loyalist regiments, as well as resources for genealogical research.
- The Jay Treaty, 1794
The full text of the Jay Treaty of 1794.
- Notre-Dame Cathedral, Quebec
City
Read about the history of this cathedral, including Jean and Thomas Baillairgé’s
contribution to its reconstruction. Follow the link for Thomas Baillairgé’s
biography.
- Constitutional Act of 1791
A reproduction of the Constitutional Act document from 1791.
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CHAPTER TEN
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CHAPTER ELEVEN
- Her
Majesty’s Royal Chapel of the Mohawks
Read about this historic chapel, also known as Christ Church, and learn about the historic
events associated with it from the perspective of the Mohawks.
- The Founding of Toronto, 1793
An illustrated overview of the history of Toronto. Follow the link at the bottom of the
page for additional information about the purchase of land around present-day Toronto, a
sketch of Fort York by Elizabeth Simcoe, an early map of the settlement, and more.
- Footpaths to Freeways:
The Story of Ontario’s Roads
An informative and entertaining account of road-building under Haldimand and Simcoe. The
first seven chapters are the most relevant to this time period.
- Molly Brant
A detailed biography of Molly Brant.
- The Treaty of
Greenville, 1795
The full text of the Treaty of Greenville, 1795, between the United States and the
Amerindian tribes.
- The
War of 1812 Website
Links to many historical documents and articles about the War of 1812 (check under
"Articles" and "Internet Links"), as well as book reviews and
information about British regiments.
- Battlefield
House, Stoney Creek
This site includes detailed information about the Battle of Stoney Creek. Follow the links
to the "War of 1812" and "Billy Green and the Battle of Stoney Creek."
- War
of 1812: A Quiz
Test your knowledge of the war with this quiz.
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CHAPTER TWELVE
- John Molson (1763 -
1836)
A short biography of John Molson, who made significant contributions to the economic
development of Quebec in the early nineteenth century.
- Alexis de Tocqueville
A brief description of Alexis de Tocqueville’s visit to and observations of Lower
Canada in 1831. Excerpts from his notebooks can be seen at this site.
- Towards
Confederation: Lower Canada (1791 - 1842)
An overview of the Lower Canada rebellions, with links to information on James Craig,
Louis-Joseph Papineau, Lord Durham, the newspapers The Quebec Mercury and Le
Canadien, and the British American Land Company.
- Early
Stages of Parliamentary Government
This history lesson from the History of Quebec and Canada Resource Page offers a succinct
summary of social and economic conditions in Lower Canada in the early nineteenth century.
Includes is information on the 1837 rebellion with portraits of several Patriotes, maps
and illustrations of the major struggles, and details of Lord Durham’s report.
- Les
Patriotes de 1837 - 1838
This French-language site offers a wealth of information about the Patriotes and the
rebellion of 1837; included are biographies, maps, descriptions of battles and raids, a
timeline, and much more.
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CHAPTER THIRTEEN
- The
Rideau Canal
A history of the Rideau Canal.
- Independence
Declaration
The text of William Lyon Mackenzie’s proclamation to the people on the eve of the
Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837.
- The 1837 Rebellions
A site featuring extensive information on rebellions in both the Upper and Lower Canadas
in 1837, including biographies of rebel leaders, a summary of main issues, an overview of
Black and Native reactions, and links to other resources.
- The
Union Act, 1840
The full text of the 1840 Union Act, which united Upper and Lower Canada to create the
Dominion of Canada.
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN
- Responsible
Government
A summary of the events leading up to the establishment of responsible government,
including a brief quiz on the subject.
- Treaties
Between the British and Native Peoples
Full text of several treaties between the British and Canada’s Native people, most of
which stipulate that the Native people will yield parts of their lands to the Crown.
- Fear of
Annexation by the United States
A brief outline of the annexation issue, including links to the Annexation Bill passed in
the United States House of Representatives in July 1866, and links to some cartoons that
document Canadians’ feeling on the matter.
- British
North America, 1849
A map of British North America as it appeared in 1849.
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CHAPTER FIFTEEN
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN
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CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
- The
Beothuks
From the Newfoundland Museum, an illustrated overview of what is known about these early
inhabitants of Newfoundland.
- The Cod Fishery
Maps of Newfoundland’s cod fisheries from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.
Follow the link at the bottom of the page for more information on the cod fishery.
- Placentia,
Newfoundland
Extensive information on the geography and history of Placentia, including the Beothuks
and the fishermen and settlers from various European countries. This site also discusses
the area’s justice system, church history, individual forts, and more.
- Early Settlement in
Newfoundland
Information on early settlers and settlements, including Cupids Colony and Placentia.
Follow the links to read about piracy in the area and about the Colony of Avalon.
- The
Cupids Colony and John Guy
Information on John Guy and the establishment of Cupids, the first British colony in
Newfoundland. To find out more about the first laws ever made in Newfoundland visit John Guy’s Laws.
- History
of Law and Government in Newfoundland
An illustrated history of Newfoundland’s government up to the time of Confederation.
Go to http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/admirals.html
to read about the fishing admirals.
- Religion, Society
& Culture in Newfoundland and Labrador
This extensive site offers information on the major religions of Newfoundland and includes
an outline of the history of the Beothuk, information on Bishop Inglis’s interview
with Shawnadithit, and An Account of the State of the Schools in the Island of
Newfoundland, Established or Assisted by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts from 1827.
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CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
- The Early Years of the
Hudson’s Bay Company
The last seven sections on this page cover the time period discussed in this chapter.
Click on "Adventurers" in the left-hand bar menu to read biographies of Henry
Kelsey, Samuel Hearne, and George Simpson.
- Images of the West
An overview of British exploration of the West in the nineteenth century.
- Arctic
Dawn: The Journeys of Samuel Hearne
This site features an illustrated hypertext version of Hearne’s own account of his
travels, A Journey from Prince of Wales’s Fort, in Hudson’s Bay, to the
Northern Ocean.
- The
City of Winnipeg
A brief history of Winnipeg.
- Cuthbert Grant
A brief history of Cuthbert Grant. Follow the link to "The Early Years" to read
about the period of his life relevant to this chapter.
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CHAPTER NINETEEN
- Native Peoples of the
Pacific Coast
An exhibition of photographs and information about the six Pacific coast Aboriginal homes
displayed at the Canadian Museum of Civilization, representing the cultures of the
Tsimshian, Haida, Nuxalk (Bella Coola), Central Coast, Nuu-Chah-Nulth (Nootka), and Coast
Salish peoples.
- Potlatch
– The Nemesis of Assimilation
A detailed description of the potlatch tradition and the colonial prohibition of this
practice among Native people.
- Juan
Pérez
A brief description of Juan Pérez’s journey north and his meeting with the Haida.
- Totem
Poles: An Exploration
This site explains the meaning of totem poles and answers some of the most commonly asked
questions about them.
- The
Douglas Treaties: 1850 - 1854
This page from the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs in British Columbia offers an overview
of treaties negotiated by James Douglas, includes the full text of a sample treaty. For
current treaty developments in British Columbia, check out http://www.tbc.gov.bc.ca/aaf/treaty/treaty.htm.
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CHAPTER TWENTY
-
Canadian
Confederation
This site from the National Library of Canada offers extensive information on
Confederation, the events that led up to it, and the people behind it. The site includes
biographies of John A. Macdonald, Georges-Étienne Cartier, George Brown, Charles Tupper,
and Alexander Tilloch Galt. Check out the full text of the Seventy-Two Resolutions, the
British North America Act, and related historical documents at
http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/confed/historic.htm.
- The
Charlottetown Conference, 1864
An extensive site that presents background material; a day-by-day summary of the
conference, including descriptions of the social events that took place; and a collection
of newspaper clippings, paintings, and photographs.
- Nova Scotian
Separatism
A brief summary of Nova Scotia separatism with an excerpt from Joseph Howe’s speech
against Confederation.
- The
Fenian Raids of Upper and Lower Canada
A history of the Fenians and their raids, including the Battle of Ridgeway.
- Confederation
Summary and Quiz
A summary of the developments that led up to Confederation, as well as interactive quizzes
on this material.
- The
Dominion of Canada, 1867
A map of the Dominion of Canada in 1867.
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