Chapter Eight
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Question 1 Which of the following are psychological theories of crime? moral development operant conditioning social learning all of the above none of the above Question 2 Psychological theories of crime usually assume that: behaviour is shaped by class and gender relations genetic influence is greater than environmental influence offenders have special traits and deficits psychology and criminality are unrelated all criminal behaviour is curable Question 3 Community psychology perspectives argue that: there is a collective psychology in any community community relations cause crime community corrections work best prisons build an inmate community none of the above Question 4 Psychoanalytic theories of crime are most associated with: behavioural psychology concepts of id, ego, and superego the cultural shaping of consciousness analysis of brain neurochemistry hormonal impacts on psychology Question 5 The idea that criminal behaviour is caused by arrested or incomplete emotional development is linked to: a corrections orientation high rates of recidivism psychoanalytical theory community psychology antisocial personality disorder Question 6 Jean Piaget is associated with: the study of socialization moral development theory psychoanalysis operant conditioning behaviourism Question 7 Moral development theory stresses that sexual activity correlates with delinquency socialization must focus on morals moral development occurs automatically morals develop at different times in different societies none of the above Question 8 Which psychological perspective examines families, subcultures, and symbolic modelling as potential influences on aggressive behaviour? moral development psychoanalytic social learning behavioural community psychology Question 9 Research on the association of aggressive behaviour with exposure to depictions of violence in visual media demonstrates: no link positive correlation but is unclear about causation causation but not correlation association but not correlation negative correlation Question 10 A physical test of someone’s reaction to a particular stimulus might examine their: body posture hand gestures autonomic reactivity facial expression endochrine levels Question 11 The use of punishment and rewards to bring out a desired response in an individual is: autonomic reactivity social learning operant conditioning symbolic modelling psychotherapy Question 12 Lack of feelings of guilt or remorse for violent and sadistic crimes is characteristic of: negative symbolic modelling delinquency extraversion a psychopath classical conditioning Question 13 Psychological study of psychopaths shows that behaviour can be permanently altered by: operant conditioning re-socialization imprisonment electric shock therapy none of the above Question 14 People with mental illnesses have become more likely to be involved with law enforcement agencies in recent times because of: improved community policing deinstitutionalization increased rates of mental illness alcoholism substance abuse Question 15 Mentally ill offenders: are usually violent have higher rates of re-offending are a high percentage of the total criminal population all of the above none of the above   Back to List of Chapters