Chapter Fifteen
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Question 1 The concept of "white-collar" crime was first used by: John Hagan E.A. Ross E. Sutherland S. Wheeler Tappan Question 2 The distinction drawn between occupational crime and organizational crime (two types of white-collar crime) is that: occupational crime is committed by the lower class, organizational crime by the higher class. occupational crime is committed by the higher class, organizational crime by the lower class. people commit occupational crime for personal gain, while organizational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation occupational crime is committed to advance the goals of a business or corporation; people in positions of trust commit organizational crime a and c Question 3 Occupational deaths account for ______ more deaths than murders do. 5 times 10 times 15 times 50 times 100 times Question 4 The Johns-Manville case study (asbestos poisoning among workers) is an example of: employers knowingly withholding information from workers that would protect them or save their lives corporate concentration executive disengagement a criminogenic market occupational crime Question 5 Which of the following statements is true? As social class rises, adults are probably less likely to be involved in street crime and more likely to be involved in white-collar crime involving use of corporate resources. As social class falls, adults are probably less likely to be involved in street crime and more likely to be involved in white- collar crime involving use of corporate resources. Class is a key element in understanding white-collar crime. Class is not really a factor in understanding white-collar crime. a and c Question 6 The concept of a "juristic person" refers to: equality before the law mens rea a member of the court the legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals individualism Question 7 Which is NOT true? In the United States, more anti-trust violations took place under Republican administrations than under Democratic administrations. Canada probably has less corporate crime because there are effective competition laws and little corporate concentration. A somewhat harsher attitude towards white-collar crime emerged in the 1970s. Corporations operating with a low profit margin are more likely than other companies to engage in organizational crime. all of the above Question 8 The fact that top members of a corporation do not know about the criminal activity engaged in for the benefit of the corporation is known as: executive disengagement juristic person anti-trust violation criminogenic market white-collar crime Question 9 Which of the following is a feature of a criminogenic market structure? treatment of corporations as juristic persons corporate concentration executive disengagement nature of the illegal demand all of the above Question 10 Goff and Reasons (1978) argued that Canada's parliament enacted anticombines laws to: protect consumers increase competition satisfy the demands of small businesses protect government taxes a and b Question 11 Research by Mann et al. showed that corporate offenders receive relatively light sentences because: they have done little harm they have better lawyers judges believe they have suffered sufficiently through apprehension, public indictment, and conviction judges and corporate executives come from the same background all of the above Question 12 The chief accountant of a law firm writes cheques to herself, withdrawing funds from clients' accounts. This is an example of: executive disengagement occupational crime organizational crime corporate crime a and b Question 13 The chief marketing officer of a tire-manufacturing corporation meets with his counterpart from a competitor company and they make a deal to divide up a sales region and fix their prices. This is an example of: executive disengagement occupational crime organizational crime corporate crime a and b Question 14 Which is NOT an example of the principle that the organizational form of a corporation is a crucial feature in understanding most white-collar crime? corporate concentration juristic person executive disengagement sentencing practices low profit margins Question 15 Reasons estimates that ______ percent of all workplace accidents are due to illegal working conditions. 50 25 33 75 10   Back to List of Chapters