Chapter Twelve
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Question 1 Suicide caused by rapid social and economic changes that have left a society without a clear system of moral beliefs and sentiments is identified as: egoistic altruistic anomic fatalistic a and c Question 2 If unemployment causes an increase in crime, unemployment is a(n) __________ variable. dependent independent control constant intervening Question 3 Which author is NOT a control theorist? Hirschi Reiss Nye Glueck Marx Question 4 The degree to which an individual has affective ties to others, identifies the _________ bond of Hirschi's theory. attachment belief involvement commitment stake in conformity Question 5 Control theory views __________ as its central question. motivation to criminality deterrence conformity social bond illegitimate opportunity Question 6 Naffine theorized that females have lower involvement in delinquency and crime because: they are more compliant they are more supervised they have intense involvement with nurturing children they don't have paid employment all of the above Question 7 Which of the following is a criticism of control theory? It ignores the deterrent effect of law. It does not adequately account for the motivation to deviate. It is too individualistic. It is too conservative. All of the above Question 8 How is individual religious involvement related to crime? There is no relationship. There is a negative relationship. There is a negative relationship in communities with high religious involvement but no relationship in other communities. There is a positive relationship in communities with high religious involvement but no relationship in other communities. b and d Question 9 Control theory is often thought to be too conservative because: it fails to adequately deal with individual psychology it fails to acknowledge the biological component of behaviour it fails to see the structural factors that produce crime it is too individualistic c and d Question 10 In Hagan's theory social capital refers to: the knowledge and skills we have developed through education the social networks through which we create new capabilities things like educational credentials, language skills, and a work ethic the accumulated wealth of individuals a and b Question 11 Hagan's theory of social and cultural capital combines: control and conflict theories control theory and differential association disorganization theory and differential association anomie and control theory none of the above Question 12 If we think of social bonds as being multi-dimensional and recognize that unconventional bonds can also be strong, we are combining control theory with: anomie conflict differential association disorganization none of the above Question 13 Which of the following is true about the relationship between schooling and delinquency? school failure increases the chances of delinquency liking school, getting good grades, and getting along with the teacher decrease the chances of becoming delinquent the classroom process may weaken the adolescent’s attachment and thus increase the chances of delinquency some teachers provoke deviance all of the above Question 14 Which is NOT true about the role of the family in delinquency? if a child comes from a criminal family there is more chance of being labelled delinquent very strict discipline in the family reduces delinquency children who found their family attractive and wanted to please them are less likely to engage in delinquency supervision of children is more likely to reduce the chances of delinquency than is any other variable all of the above Question 15 The "general theory of crime" (Gottfredson and Hirschi) argues that some people lack self-control because of: poor or weak childhood socialization anomie social bonds differential association strong unconventional bonds   Back to List of Chapters