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Web LinksUNIT 30AUNIT 30BUNIT 30C
UNIT 30D
Page 117 Web Activity: DNA Replication The Escherichia coli genome consists of 4.7 million nucleotide pairs. With a replication rate of about 1000 nucleotides per second, the entire genome is replicated in 40 min. The proofreading efficiency of DNA polymerase I and polymerase III reduces the error rate to one in 1 billion base pairs, or roughly one error per 1000 cells duplicated! View a complete animation of DNA replication by accessing the Nelson Web site. This is a Flash animation from George Mason University , in the U.S. This animation is provided by the BioTeach group at UBC. Page 131 Web Activity: Canadian Achievers: Researchers in Human Genetic Disorders Advances in biotechnology have led to many important advances in our understanding of many human genetic disorders. As with the Human Genome Project, these advances have involved many research teams working together, either directly or by publishing their work in peer-reviewed articles. The following list shows some Canadians who are among the researchers making important contributions. . Dr. Michael Hayden, University of British Columbia : Huntington's disease . Dr. Lap-Chee Tsui, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto : cystic fibrosis . Dr. Judith Hall, University of British Columbia : cystic fibrosis . Dr. Christine Bear, University of Toronto : cystic fibrosis . Dr. Ron Warton, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto : Duchenne muscular dystrophy Go to the Nelson Web site to find more information on the work of these people. After you have completed reading this material, write a short paragraph that describes your view on the importance of genetic research. Defend your position. Follow this link to the activity. Page 132 Mini Investigation: Examining the Human Genome In this activity, you will go to an online map of the human genome. On the map, you will find diagrams containing information about every chromosome in the genome. The magenta and green regions on the diagrams reflect the unique patterns of light and dark bands seen on human chromosomes that have been stained for viewing through a light microscope. The red region represents the centromere or constricted portion of the chromosome. On other chromosome diagrams, you will see yellow regions that mark chromosomal areas that vary in staining intensity. The chromatin in these areas is condensed and sometimes known as heterochromatin, meaning "different colour." Some diagrams have yellow regions overlaid by thin horizontal magenta lines. This colour pattern indicates variable regions called stalks that connect very small chromosome arms (satellites) to the chromosome. Go to the Nelson Web site, and follow the link for Mini Investigation: Examining the Human Genome. On the genome map, click on each chromosome diagram to discover the traits and disorders located on that chromosome. For example, Figure 2 shows traits and disorders that are found on chromosome 20. Follow this link to go directly to the online map of chromosome 20. Touch each chromosome pair to find the number of genes mapped on that chromosome. Use the information you find to answer the questions below. (a) Which chromosome pair contains the greatest number of genes? (b) Which chromosome contains the fewest chromosomes? (c) Estimate the size of the human genome. Show how you calculated your estimate. Page 137 Web Activity: Transformation of Eukaryotes The first transgenic animal and the first transgenic plant were both produced in 1982. The animal was a mouse that contained the gene for growth hormone from a rat. The plant was a tobacco plant that contained a gene from a bacterial cell. The introduced gene produced an antibiotic in the plant's cells that protected the plant from bacterial infection. Since then, many transgenic animals and plants have been produced. Producing transgenic eukaryotes is a lot more complex than transformation of bacteria, and new techniques are still being developed. In this activity, you will research one technique used to create transgenic plants or animals, and create a presentation to share your work. This site, from the University of California at Davis , has a visual tour of plant genetic transformation techniques. This links to an Adobe Acrobat document from European Initiative for Biotechnology Education, and includes an explanation of techniques used in animal transformation and some associated activities. This site, from AgResearch, provides a simple explanation of the most common tools and techniques used to create transgenic plants and animals. Page 159 Performance Task: Investigating Human Traits Analysis(e) Compare your results for your sample with the entire school population. Explain differences in the data, if any. You might consider sample size, population, chance, etc. For more information, use the Internet and follow the links on the Nelson Web site. From the Genetic Project, a group based in Washington that is promoting the teaching of genetics in the classroom. A similar classroom is logged on this developing online database of various traits. Compare data with the data already collected with that collected by classes in the United States . Human Genetic Traits and Conditions University of Florida Biological Sciences page which describes some Human Genetic Traits and Conditions in a chart form. Lists the name and description of the trait, its mode of inheritance and some comments on the trait. The second chart, which concentrates more on diseases, gives statistics on the proportion that inherits the disease.
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