Additional Review Questions *This area is under construction. In the
final resource, this area will include more questions, including scenario-based
questions in a style similar to the AB diploma exams.
UNIT 30D
Chapter 24
1. Use the term allele frequency to explain
how biologists define and quantify evolution within a population.
2. During the fall migration, several Canada geese
stop at a river near a good food source and then nest there
the following spring. Because of the abundance of food, this
population of geese stops migrating. What effects, both immediate
and long-term, might this situation have on the gene pools
of the original and founder populations?
3. Find and describe an example that does not
appear in the text in which the founder effect has altered
the allele frequency of a human population.
4. Why might evolutionary biologists be more concerned
with the study of population genetics than the study of the
simple inheritance of alleles by offspring from their parents?
5. Wildlife biologists in British Columbia estimate
that fewer than 100 Vancouver Island marmots, Marmota vancouverensis ,
were alive in 2001.
(a) Research this endangered species using print
and electronic sources to determine the cause(s) of the severe
bottleneck effect in their population.
(b) What efforts, if any, are being made to
maintain the genetic diversity of this species?
6. Identify and explain the type of selection
that accounts for each of the following:
(a) the hollow bones of birds
(b) the light emitted by fireflies
(c) the smell of a skunk
(d) the body diameter of snakes
7. Identify and describe the evolutionary role
of the selection mechanism in the following photograph of
a sage grouse.
Sage grouse
8. Relate, with an example, how random chance
can have a greater effect on small populations than on larger
populations.
9. Describe one or more sexual selection traits
in
(a) moose
(b) mallard ducks
(c) fiddler crabs
(d) lions
Use the following information to answers Questions
10 and 11.
Genotype Frequencies for Three Selected
Populations
-
Population
|
AA
|
Aa
|
aa
|
X
|
25
|
50
|
25
|
Y
|
40
|
20
|
40
|
Z
|
2
|
16
|
32
|
10. For each population, determine the expected
genotype frequencies of the next generation.
11. Which population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
Explain whether this population is being influenced by disruptive
selection.
12. In parts of Africa , the incidence of sickle
cell anemia is 1 in 64. Use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to estimate
the genotype frequencies in this population.
13. With reference to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
explain how each of the following situations would result in
evolutionary change:
(a) In 1996, only 80 adult piping plovers, an
endangered bird species, nested in the entire province of Nova
Scotia .
(b) Each year, new strains of the influenza virus
cause human disease.
(c) In 1976 and 1977, a severe drought and change
in food availability favoured the survival of ground finches
( Geospiza fortis ) with larger bill sizes over the
survival of those with smaller bills.
Chapter 25
1. In April, a population of frogs
in a local ravine had a population of 42, which was increased in
May by 263 tadpoles. Pesticide runoff killed 26 tadpoles and predators
consumed eight frogs. In July, construction workers began clearing
the ravine and ran over 12 frogs. Calculate the per capita growth
rate of the frogs in the ravine from April to August.
2. Although zebra mussel populations
are growing exponentially in many parts of the Great Lakes , their
numbers are decreasing naturally in certain locations. Suggest
possible reasons for such a decline.
3. The density of boreal owls was
found to be about 0.005/ha in Kluane National Park and 0.001/ha
in both northern Alberta and northern Ontario . What does this
suggest about the carrying capacity of these environments?
4. Explain, using an example, the
difference between ecological density and crude density.
5. Describe the concept of carrying
capacity and explain its role in population dynamics.
6. Identify and describe ways in
which the decline of resources in an ecosystem can affect the growth
rate of a population in that ecosystem.
7. Use a triple Venn diagram to compare
and contrast the three models of population growth: logistic growth,
geometric growth, and exponential growth.
Use the following information to answer Questions
8 to 10.
8. Label the different phases of
this growth curve.
9. Suggest possible reasons for the
decline in carrying capacity at time D.
10. Research the events that actually
occurred in Ireland before 1900 that led to this decline in carrying
capacity.
Chapter 26
1. As a result of human activity,
extensive forests are becoming fragmented into small forest islands.
How might the increasing isolation of populations in these forests
influence their success and evolution? How might the effects differ
for a large mammal species, such as the lynx, compared to an insect
species, such as a beetle?
|
